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991.
Francis Gohin Sophie Loyer Michel Lunven Claire Labry Jean-Marie Froidefond Daniel Delmas Martin Huret Alain Herbland 《Remote sensing of environment》2005,95(1):29-46
In biological modelling of the coastal phytoplankton dynamics, the light attenuation coefficient is often expressed as a function of the concentrations of chlorophyll and mineral suspended particulate matter (SPM). In order to estimate the relationship between these parameters over the continental shelf of the northern Bay of Biscay, a set of in situ data has been gathered for the period 1998-2003 when SeaWiFS imagery is available. These data comprise surface measurements of the concentrations of total SPM, chlorophyll, and irradiance profiles from which is derived the attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically available radiation, KPAR. The performance of the IFREMER look-up table used to retrieve the chlorophyll concentration from the SeaWiFS radiance is evaluated on this new set of data. The quality of the estimated chlorophyll concentration is assessed from a comparison of the variograms of the in situ and satellite-derived chlorophyll concentrations. Once the chlorophyll concentration is determined, the non living SPM, which is defined as the SPM not related to the dead or alive endogenous phytoplankton, is estimated from the radiance at 555 nm by inverting a semi-analytic model. This method provides realistic estimations of concentrations of chlorophyll and SPM over the continental shelf all over the year. Finally, a relationship, based on non living SPM and chlorophyll, is proposed to estimate KPAR on the continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay. The same formula is applied to non living SPM and chlorophyll concentrations, observed in situ or derived from SeaWiFS radiance. 相似文献
992.
Substrate age and precipitation effects on Hawaiian forest canopies from spaceborne imaging spectroscopy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gregory P. Asner Kimberly M. Carlson Roberta E. Martin 《Remote sensing of environment》2005,98(4):457-467
We used spaceborne imaging spectroscopy provided by the Earth Observing-1 Hyperion sensor to quantify the relative importance of precipitation and substrate age that control ecosystem development and functioning in Metrosideros polymorpha rainforests of Hawaii. Four hyperspectral vegetation indices provided metrics of forest canopy structure, biochemistry and physiology to compare along gradients of annual rainfall (750 to > 6000 mm year− 1) and substrate age (0 to 250,000 years). The canopy greenness index NDVI increased with annual precipitation and substrate age, but saturated in forests with rainfall of 3000 mm year− 1. Precipitation and substrate age were roughly equal contributors to the observed greenness of the forests. A canopy water content index (NDWI) also increased with precipitation and substrate age, but did not reach a maximum until very wet (> 5000 mm year− 1) forest conditions were encountered on the oldest substrates. The water index appears superior to the NDVI in capturing spatial and climate-substrate driven variations in canopy structure. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) indicated highest light-use efficiency levels in canopies on the most developed substrates and at annual precipitation levels of 3-4500 mm year− 1. A leaf carotenoid index (CRI) suggested a maximum canopy photosynthetic capacity at ∼ 4000 mm rainfall year− 1 on the oldest substrates. These results quantify the sensitivity of rainforest canopies to changing precipitation and soil conditions, and they corroborate plot-scale analyses in native Hawaiian forests ecosystems. Structural and functional studies of remote rainforest regions are possible with spaceborne imaging spectroscopy, and could be used to understand the dynamics of rainforests with climate change. 相似文献
993.
Contact state, friction, and meniscus load between a padded slider and a smooth disk are discrete; friction is determined by the number of pads in contact and the meniscus load acting at each pad. By inducing frictional changes through varying sliding direction, we force the slider from one stable state to another and infer which pads are in contact from the corresponding changes in friction. We find the stability of a given contact state is influenced by friction coefficient, pad location, meniscus load, applied mechanical loads and applied moments. A model is proposed to account for these effects. 相似文献
994.
995.
We consider the model checking problem for FLC, a modal fixpoint logic capable of defining non-regular properties. This paper presents a refinement of a symbolic model checker and discusses how to parallelise this algorithm. It reports on a prototype implementation of the algorithm in Glasgow Parallel Haskell (GpH) and its performance on a cluster of workstations. 相似文献
996.
Densification behavior of tungsten heavy alloy based on master sintering curve concept 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. J. Park Randall M. German J. M. Martin J. F. Guo J. L. Johnson 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(9):2837-2848
The master sintering curve (MSC) theory is modified by substituting the densification ratio (φ) for the densification parameter
(ψ) to identify regions where shrinkage occurs by a similar combination of sintering mechanisms. The modified MSC theory is
used to analyze the results of dilatometry experiments conducted with W-Ni-Fe heavy alloys, in which a phase change occurs
during sintering. Apparent activation energies for sintering in three regions (solid state, transition, and liquid phase)
are calculated. These activation energies are compared with experimental values for diffusion and other mass-transport phenomena
to identify the dominant mechanisms in each region. A series of master sinter curves for varying W contents are developed
into a master sintering surface that includes tungsten content and integral work. 相似文献
997.
Christian Feddern Joachim Weickert Bernhard Burgeth Martin Welk 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2006,69(1):93-107
Matrix-valued data sets arise in a number of applications including diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) and
physical measurements of anisotropic behaviour. Consequently, there arises the need to filter and segment such tensor fields.
In order to detect edge-like structures in tensor fields, we first generalise Di Zenzo’s concept of a structure tensor for
vector-valued images to tensor-valued data. This structure tensor allows us to extend scalar-valued mean curvature motion
and self-snakes to the tensor setting. We present both two-dimensional and three-dimensional formulations, and we prove that
these filters maintain positive semidefiniteness if the initial matrix data are positive semidefinite. We give an interpretation
of tensorial mean curvature motion as a process for which the corresponding curve evolution of each generalised level line
is the gradient descent of its total length. Moreover, we propose a geodesic active contour model for segmenting tensor fields
and interpret it as a minimiser of a suitable energy functional with a metric induced by the tensor image. Since tensorial
active contours incorporate information from all channels, they give a contour representation that is highly robust under
noise. Experiments on three-dimensional DT-MRI data and an indefinite tensor field from fluid dynamics show that the proposed
methods inherit the essential properties of their scalar-valued counterparts. 相似文献
998.
This article presents a capability called Adaptive Decision-Making Frameworks (ADMF) and shows that it can result in significantly
improved system performance across run-time situation changes in a multi-agent system. Specifically, ADMF can result in improved
and more robust performance compared to the use of a single static decision-making framework (DMF). The ADMF capability allows
agents to dynamically adapt the DMF in which they participate to fit their run-time situation as it changes. A DMF identifies
a set of agents and specifies the distribution of decision-making control and the authority to assign subtasks among these
agents as they determine how a goal or set of goals should be achieved. The ADMF capability is a form of organizational adaptation
and differs from previous approaches to organizational adaptation and dynamic coordination in that it is the first to allow
dynamic and explicit manipulation of these DMF characteristics at run-time as variables controlling agent behavior. The approach
proposed for selecting DMFs at run-time parameterizes all domain-specific knowledge as characteristics of the agents’ situation,
so the approach is application-independent. The presented evaluation empirically shows that, for at least one multi-agent
system, there is no one best DMF for multiple agents across run-time situational changes. Next, it motivates the further exploration
of ADMF by showing that adapting DMFs to run-time variations in situation can result in improved overall system performance
compared to static or random DMFs. 相似文献
999.
Jaesung Park Mehmet Toner Martin L. Yarmush Arno W. Tilles 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2006,2(6):525-535
An extracorporeal bioartificial liver (BAL) device containing viable hepatocytes has the potential to provide temporary hepatic support to liver failure patients, serving as a bridge to transplantation while awaiting a suitable donor. In some patients, providing temporary hepatic support may be sufficient to allow adequate regeneration of the host liver, thereby eliminating the need for a liver transplant. Although the BAL device is a promising technology for the treatment of liver failure, there are several technical challenges that must be overcome in order to develop systems with sufficient processing capacity and of manageable size. In this study, the authors describe the critical issues involved in developing a BAL device. They also discuss their experiences in hepatocyte culture optimization within the context of a microchannel flat-plate BAL device. 相似文献
1000.
Felix Hartanto Jussi Kangasharju Martin Reisslein Keith Ross 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2006,31(2):221-245
Because Internet access rates are highly heterogeneous, many video content providers today make available different versions of the videos, with each version encoded at a different rate. Multiple video versions, however, require more server storage and may also dramatically impact cache performance in a traditional cache or in a CDN server. An alternative to versions is layered encoding, which can also provide multiple quality levels. Layered encoding requires less server storage capacity and may be more suitable for caching; but it typically increases transmission bandwidth due to encoding overhead. In this paper we compare video streaming of multiple versions with that of multiple layers in a caching environment. We examine caching and distribution strategies that use both versions and layers. We consider two cases: the request distribution for the videos is known a priori; and adaptive caching, for which the request distribution is unknown. Our analytical and simulation results indicate that mixed distribution/caching strategies provide the best overall performance.A shorter version of this work has appeared in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), Vol. 2, pages 45–48, Lausanne, Switzerland, August 2002 相似文献