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91.
Zhifeng Huang Takahiro Katayama Masako Kanai-Pak Jukai Maeda Yasuko Kitajima Mitsuhiro Nakamura 《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(19):1269-1285
We developed a robot patient for patient transfer training for simulating a patient’s performance during patient transfer and for enabling nurses to practice their nursing skills on it. To realize the robot patient, we focused on addressing the problems of designing its limb actions to enable it to respond to nurses’ operations. RC servos and electromagnetic brakes were installed in the joints to enable the robot to simulate a patient’s limb actions, such as embracing and remaining standing. To enable the robot to automatically respond to nurses’ operations, an identification method for these operations was developed that used voice commands and the features of the limbs’ posture measured by angle sensors installed in the robot’s joints. The robot patient’s performance was examined by a control test in which four experienced nursing teachers performed patient transfer with the robot patient and a human-simulated patient. The results revealed that the robot patient could successfully simulate the actions of a patient’s limbs according to the nursing teachers’ operations and that it is suitable for nursing skill training. 相似文献
92.
Masago Y Katayama H Watanabe T Haramoto E Hashimoto A Omura T Hirata T Ohgaki S 《Environmental science & technology》2006,40(23):7428-7433
Noroviruses are one of the major causes of viral gastroenteritis in Japan. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the health risk caused by this virus in drinking water. A Monte Carlo analysis was used to calculate both the probability of infection and the disease burden using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The concentration of noroviruses in tap water was estimated based on qualitative data and a most probable number (MPN) method with an assumed Poisson lognormal distribution. This numerical method was evaluated using two sets of available count data of Cryptosporidium: that collected from a river and that found in tap water in Japan. The dose-response relationships for noroviruses were estimated using assumed ID50 (10 or 100). The annual risk was higher than the US-EPA acceptable level (10(-4) [infection/ person-year]) but around the WHO level (10(-6) [DALYs/ person-year]). As suggested by others, since microbial concentrations are generally lognormally distributed, the arithmetic mean was directly related to the annual risk, suggesting that the arithmetic mean is more useful in representing the degree of microbial contamination than the geometric mean. 相似文献
93.
Morita T Konishi M Fukuoka T Imura T Yamamoto S Kitagawa M Sogabe A Kitamoto D 《Journal of oleo science》2008,57(2):123-131
A basidiomycetous yeast, Pseudozyma graminicola CBS 10092, was found to accumulate a large amount of glycolipids in the cultured medium when grown on soybean oil as the sole carbon source. Based on thin layer chromatography, the extracellular glycolipids gave spots corresponding to those of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are highly functional and promising biosurfactants. From the structural characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, the main product was identified as 4-O-[(4'-mono-O-acetyl-2', 3'-di-O-alka(e)noyl)-beta-D-mannopyranosyl]-D-erythritol, which is a highly hydrophilic derivative of MELs known as MEL-C. According to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, the main product, MEL-C, comprised approximately 85% of all the MELs, and the total amount reached approximately 10 g/L for 7 days. The fatty acids of the present MEL-C consisted of mainly C6, C8 and C14 acids, considerably different from those of MEL-C produced by other Pseudozyma strains such as P. antarctica and P. shanxiensis. The observed critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface-tension at CMC of the MEL-C were 4.0 x 10(-6) M and 24.2 mN/m, respectively, while those of MEL-A, the most intensively studied MEL, were 2.7 x 10(-6) M and 28.4 mN/m, respectively. This implied that the MEL-C has higher hydrophilicity than conventional MELs hitherto reported. In addition, on a water-penetration scan, the MEL-C efficiently formed the lamella phase (Lalpha) at a wide range of concentrations, indicating its excellent self-assembling properties. From these results, the newly identified MELs produced by P. graminicola are likely to have great potential for use in oil-in-water type emulsifiers and/or washing detergents, and would thus facilitate a broad range of applications for the promising yeast biosurfactants. 相似文献
94.
对原试验用柴油机的燃料喷射系统进行了改造。改造后的燃料喷射系统不仅可降低 NOx 的排放 ,而且使高加水率乳化燃料的使用成为可能。但另一方面 ,在低负荷时 ,使用乳化燃料不但不能获得预期的降低 NOx 排放效果 ,反而使其它有害排放增加。所以 ,也对降低 NOx 排放方法之一的脱硝装置进行了探讨 ,对其在船用柴油机上的适用性进行了试验 ,并获得了较好的效果 相似文献
95.
E Katayama 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,278(2):349-367
Since mica is a substitute for glass in the in vitro actin motility assay, I examined the structure of heavy meromyosin (HMM) crossbridges supporting actin filaments by quick-freeze deep-etch replica electron microscopy. This method was capable of resolving the inter-domain cleft of the monomeric actin molecule. HMM heads that are not bound to actin, when observed by this technique, were straight and elongated in the absence of ATP but strongly kinked upon addition of ATP or ADP.inorganic vanadate to produce the putative long-lived analog of HMM-ADP.inorganic phosphate. The low-magnification image of the ATP-containing acto-HMM preparation showed features characteristic of sliding actin filaments on glass coverslips. At high magnification, all the HMM molecules were found attached to actin by one head with the majority projecting perpendicular to the filament axis, whereas in the absence of ATP, HMM exhibited two-head binding with a preponderance of molecules tilted at 45 degrees. Detailed examination of the shape of HMM heads involved in sliding showed a rounded, and flat appearance of the tip and comparatively thin neck portion as if the heads grasp actin filament, in contrast to rigor crossbridges which have a pear-shaped configuration with more gradual taper. Such configurations of HMM heads were essentially the same as I observed previously on acto-myosin subfragment-1 (S1) by the same technique, except for the presence of an additional neck portion of HMM which makes interpretaion of the images easier. Interestingly, under actively sliding conditions, very few heads were tilted in the rigor configuration. At first glance, the addition of ADP to the rigor-complex gave images rather like those obtained with ATP, but they turned out to be different. The contribution of the structural change of crossbridges to the force development is discussed. 相似文献
96.
Masakatsu Maeda Ryozo Oomoto Toshiya Shibayanagi Masaaki Naka 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(8):1647-1656
This article presents an effective way to control the interfacial reaction during solid-state diffusion bonding of silicon
nitride (Si3N4) using titanium foils. The interfacial structure and its growth kinetics were analyzed in detail with scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The actual phase sequence of the joint interfaces
bonded at temperatures between 1473 and 1673 K is concluded to be Si3N4/Ti5Si3(N)/α-Ti(N)+Ti5Si3(N), which is different from the phase sequence observed at room temperature after bonding. The joints are very weak due to
the formation of a brittle Ti5Si3(N) layer at the interface. To suppress the growth of the Ti5Si3 layer, a nitrogen-solution treatment of titanium foils prior to each bonding experiment is implemented. Although a perfect
prevention of the Ti5Si3(N) layer formation is not achieved with this treatment, it is shown that the growth of the layer is effectively suppressed
enough to improve the joint strength to a level 3 times higher than the case in which pure titanium is employed. 相似文献
97.
Atsushi Takahashi Isao Nakamura Masaaki Haneda Tadahiro Fujitani Hideaki Hamada 《Catalysis Letters》2006,106(3-4):133-138
Catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene to decalin was studied over a carbon-supported rhodium catalyst in supercritical carbon
dioxide solvent at 333 K, and the results were compared with those in an organic solvent. cis-, trans-Decalin and tetralin were formed from the beginning of the reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide. Higher concentration
of hydrogen in carbon dioxide solvent and on the active site, and also the suppression of desorption of partially hydrogenated
tetralin molecules from the active site would be responsible for higher selectivity to cis-decalin in supercritical carbon dioxide than that in an organic solvent. 相似文献
98.
Hiroshi Kominami Masaaki Kohno Yukino Matsunaga Yoshiya Kera 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(5):1178-1180
Silica-modified titanium oxide (S-TiO2 ) powders that have an anatase structure were synthesized via the thermal decomposition of mixtures of titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TIP) and tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) in toluene at 300°C. These S-TiO2 materials had high rutile-transformation temperatures and maintained large surface areas at elevated temperatures (550°–1000°C). For example, the product that was prepared from a 9:1 TIP:TMOS mixture transformed to rutile at ∼1100°C and possessed a surface area of 160 m2 /g, even after calcination at 800°C for 1 h. 相似文献
99.
Meisen Li Yoshiyuki Bando Ryo Tanigawara Toru Kamiya Keiji Yasuda Masaaki Nakamura 《加拿大化工杂志》2001,79(4):602-607
The effects of operation conditions on the flow behaviour in gas–liquid countercurrent trickle bed biofilter were experimentally examined. In order to prevent gas channelling in the biofilter, packings with a relatively large void fraction, which have a role to maintain a high void fraction in the bed, were added. The gas and liquid velocities of the packed structure and the packings were changed, and the residence time distributions (RTDs) of the gas and liquid were measured. It was found that the addition of void supporters was very effective in the suppression of gas channelling. 相似文献
100.