1998年我国工程塑料加工技术进展

根据国内有关工程塑料的文献,从加工工艺,加工设备,模具设计及二次加工等四个方面,综述了１９９８年我国工程塑料加工技术的进展。     

热式MEMS流量传感器的设计及测试

根据已有的热式MEMS气体微流量传感器芯片的各部分热敏电阻热串扰现象严重,造成很大的测量误差,改进设计了一种MEMS热式流量传感器,将加热电阻和上下游测温电阻采用悬臂梁隔离结构,并相互隔离,有效的避免了热膜流量传感器各部分热敏电阻间相互热串扰现象。基于改进的MEMS热式流量传感器,设计了流量传感器的测试系统,包括恒温差电路、桥式测量电路及放大、滤波电路,所采集的流量信号经过滤波放大后输入AD模块进行模数转换,最后经过单片机处理,利用单片机与计算机串口通信功能,在不同流速下打印出不同的电压值;通过Matlab对所测出的数据进行拟合,完成对传感器性能的检测。测量结果表明:在一定的流量范围内,该流量传感器具有测量精度高、响应速率快、输出信号平滑等特点,能够广泛应用于工业、医疗领域的流量测量。     

Experimental and theoretical analysis of particle distribution in particulate metal matrix composites

Particle distribution in particulate metal matrix composites was investigated experimentally and theoretically. SiC reinforced Pb 20%Sn alloy mechanically was stirred and cast into a cylindrical mold by an inert gas pressure. Particle distribution in the cast is determined at several locations by sectioning and microscopic investigation techniques. The particle fraction is found to decrease along the axis of the mold. The regions close to the boundary wall are determined as the possible clustering areas. A mathematical model is developed to characterize flow of mixture of molten metal alloy and ceramic particles. The distribution of particles is estimated from the trajectories of representative particles with the Lagrangian point of view. The numerical results are reasonably suited with experimental data.     

Towards Friction Stir Remanufacturing of High-Strength Aluminum Components

Volumetric defects in high-strength aluminum alloy components were repaired via friction stir remanufacturing (FSR). Various consumable pins made of AA7075-T6 were designed. Top diameters of the consumable pins affected material flow, which ensured that the materials at the repairing interface were forged to metallurgical bonding. Conical angles determined load transfer besides material flow, which affected the fracture of the pins before the dwelling stage. Sound repaired components were achieved when the conical angle of the consumable pin was 1° larger than that of the volumetric defect. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the repaired components reached 445.9 MPa and 9.6%, respectively. The design criteria of the consumable pin in the FSR was established, which provided valuable references to repair volumetric defects in high-strength aluminum components.     

Growth of ω inclusions in Ti alloys: An X-ray diffraction study

We investigated the size and crystal structure of nanometer-sized ω inclusions in single crystals of β-Ti alloys by X-ray diffraction pole-figure measurements and reciprocal space mapping. We studied the topotactical relation of the β and ω crystal lattices, and from the positions and shapes of the diffraction maxima of the ω lattice determined the mean size of the ω inclusions and the misfit of the inclusion lattice with respect to the host lattice, as well as their changes during ageing. The lattice of the ω inclusions exhibits a large positive misfit already before ageing and the misfit is subsequently reduced during the ageing process. Using the theories of elasticity and X-ray scattering we simulated diffuse X-ray scattering around the β diffraction maxima and demonstrated that the diffuse scattering is caused mainly by local elastic strains in the β host phase around the ω inclusions.     

Effects of Solvent Exchange Period and Heat Treatment on Physical and Chemical Properties of Rice Husk Derived Silica Aerogels

In this study, hydrophobic silica aerogels were synthesized from rice husk ash-derived sodium silicate through sol-gel processing, solvent exchange, surface modification and ambient pressure drying. By volume, 10% of trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) in 90% of n-hexane was used as a hydrophobic solution in the surface modification process. The physical and chemical properties of silica aerogels were characterized by density and porosity measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory (BET) and dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC). The hydrogels prepared were in the form of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm beads and then converted into alcogels through solvent exchange with ethanol for repetition of 3, 6 and 9 days. It is found that the optimal quality of silica aerogels with the BET surface area as high as 668.82 m²/g was obtained from the alcogels of the solvent exchange period of 9 days. Depending on the size of the gel’s block, a longer solvent exchange period will ensure adequate removal of pore water. Post heat treatment on silica aerogels obtained from the 9 days of solvent exchange at 200, 300 and 400 °C for 2 h results in slight decreased of aerogel’s density from 0.048 g/cm³ to 0.039 g/cm³ and the hydrophobicity of the aerogels is decreased above 380 °C as confirmed by DSC analysis.

     

柴达木盆地昆北断阶带底砾岩储层特征研究

在区域地质背景分析的基础上,研究认为昆北断阶带底砾岩为风化残积层,岩石学分析认为昆北断阶带基岩为二长花岗岩,基岩之上为半风化壳,厚度约0.5m,岩石破裂缝发育,半风化壳以上为昆北断阶带底砾岩,厚度30～60m,是昆北断阶带的主要含油层系,常规孔渗分析,孔隙度平均值为12.37%,渗透率平均值为69.87mD,属低孔中渗储层。储层孔隙类型以颗粒破裂缝、颗粒溶孔、粒间溶孔等次生孔隙为主。由于研究区储层岩石成岩作用弱,粒度粗,岩石较疏松,常规孔渗分析数据不能真实反映储层岩石物性,经对比发现常规孔隙度比煤油法孔隙度大25%,常规渗透率比核磁渗透率大80%,因此针对研究区底砾岩储层采用合理的测试方法求取储层物性数据,更好地指导研究区勘探开发显得尤为重要。     

Thermophysical properties of medium grain rough rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">LIDO cultivar</Emphasis>) at medium and low temperatures

Bulk density, specific heat capacity, bulk thermal conductivity and bulk thermal diffusivity of medium-grain rough rice (LIDO cultivar) have been studied. Specific heat was determined by DSC, thermal conductivity by the probe method and bulk thermal conductivity indirectly from bulk density, specific heat capacity and bulk thermal conductivity. All the thermal properties have been determined at different moisture contents and temperatures used during cooling and storage operations and the effect of these variables has been investigated. It has been shown that moisture content has the greatest effect on specific heat and bulk thermal conductivity. Temperature also affected these thermal properties, but to a smaller extent. Mathematical expressions have been developed to determine each of these thermophysical properties as a function of moisture content and temperature.List of Abbreviations and Symbols C_p Specific heat capacity (kJ/kg °C) - k Bulk thermal conductivity (W/m °C) - T Temperature (ºC) - W Moisture content (%, d.b.) - Bulk thermal diffusivity (m²/s) - Bulk density (kg/m³)     

氯对连续重整装置的影响及解决方案

根据某公司连续重整装置的实际运行情况,从原料和催化剂再生注氯等方面分析了氯的来源,阐述了氯对装置各系统的影响,并提出了相应的解决方案.在预加氢系统中采用连续注水冲洗的方法,防止其结盐堵塞和腐蚀;在重整系统中增设脱氯设施,降低氯含量,减轻氯对后续装置的影响;采用树脂在线脱氯技术净化溶剂,脱除苯抽提系统溶剂中的氯,减缓溶剂...     

花生肽的酶法生产工艺研究

采用酶法水解制备营养性花生低肽,对其酶制剂的筛选,酶水解工艺参数,酸溶性花生肽得率与水妥度的相关性分析及酶解液的溶解性变化等进行了系统研究。