植物与时间：关于慢速植物知识的探讨

风景园林师通常更倾向以季相特征的方式去理解植物 随时间发生的变化。认为从蒂莫西·莫顿(Timothy Morton) 的时间推移(time lapse)概念中汲取灵感,并通过时间性的 概念来思考植物,将有机会改变风景园林师认知和设计植物的 方式。虽然这种种植设计方法不直接指向一种形式(form), 但它确实与当前称为生态主义或自然主义的种植概念有许多相 似之处。调查了2个建成项目——格伦斯通博物馆(Glenstone Museum)和布鲁克林大桥公园(Brooklyn Bridge Park),以 理解时间性是如何影响设计的。最后,提出了通过慢速植物知 识(slow plant knowledge)引导设计的新发展趋势     

"Learning myopia: An adaptive recency effect in category learning": Correction to Jones and Sieck (2003).

Reports an error in "Learning myopia: An adaptive recency effect in category learning" by Matt Jones and Winston R. Sieck (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2003[Jul], Vol 29[4], 626-640). On page 633, Table 2, the values in columns (T, P) and (P, T) in the dual condition row incorrectly read .10 and .90, respectively. The correct values are .90 and .10, respectively. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2003-06626-013.) Recency effects (REs) have been well established in memory and probability learning paradigms but have received little attention in category learning research. Extant categorization models predict REs to be unaffected by learning, whereas a functional interpretation of REs, suggested by results in other domains, predicts that people are able to learn sequential dependencies and incorporate this information into their responses. These contrasting predictions were tested in 2 experiments involving a classification task in which outcome sequences were autocorrelated. Experiment 1 showed that reliance on recent outcomes adapts to the structure of the task, in contrast to models' predictions. Experiment 2 provided constraints on how sequential information is learned and suggested possible extensions to current models to account for this learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Kv8.1, a new neuronal potassium channel subunit with specific inhibitory properties towards Shab and Shaw channels

Outward rectifier K+ channels have a characteristic structure with six transmembrane segments and one pore region. A new member of this family of transmembrane proteins has been cloned and called Kv8.1. Kv8.1 is essentially present in the brain where it is located mainly in layers II, IV and VI of the cerebral cortex, in hippocampus, in CA1-CA4 pyramidal cell layer as well in granule cells of the dentate gyrus, in the granule cell layer and in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. The Kv8.1 gene is in the 8q22.3-8q24.1 region of the human genome. Although Kv8.1 has the hallmarks of functional subunits of outward rectifier K+ channels, injection of its cRNA in Xenopus oocytes does not produce K+ currents. However Kv8.1 abolishes the functional expression of members of the Kv2 and Kv3 subfamilies, suggesting that the functional role of Kv8.1 might be to inhibit the function of a particular class of outward rectifier K+ channel types. Immunoprecipitation studies have demonstrated that inhibition occurs by formation of heteropolymeric channels, and results obtained with Kv8.1 chimeras have indicated that association of Kv8.1 with other types of subunits is via its N-terminal domain.     

Fear of psychological treatment and its relation to mental health service avoidance.

We evaluated whether a measure of mental health treatment fearfulness is associated with past mental health treatment history and/or current treatment status. Student Ss who either were or were not about to begin psychotherapy responded to the fear measure and a measure of psychological distress, and they also answered questions about their mental health treatment-seeking history. Analysis indicated that increased treatment fearfulness was associated retrospectively with a history of service underconsumption and cross-sectionally with a nonclinical treatment status. We conclude that treatment fears are associated with treatment-seeking decisions and suggest that future studies focus on delineating the causal relation of these variables and on the role that treatment fears may play in treatment compliance and behavior change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Water,Energy and Environment Nexus: The California Experience

The paper addresses the local and inter-state connections between water, energy and the environment. Using California and the western USA as a case study, the paper highlights the difficulties of balancing the needs of diverse stakeholders and protecting valuable resources while providing reliable and safe supplies of both water and energy to agricultural, industrial and residential customers. The investigation of these complex relationships is necessary to inform local and national policy decisions regarding the management of water, energy and the environment.     

An extension of the Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover to support first-order quantification

We describe an implementation of an extension to the Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover and logic that allows first-order quantification. The extension retains the capabilities of the Boyer-Moore system while allowing the increased flexibility in specification and proof that is provided by quantifiers. The idea is to Skolemize in an appropriate manner. We demonstrate the power of this approach by describing three successful proof-checking experiments using the system, each of which involves a theorem of set theory as translated into a first-order logic. We also demonstrate the soundness of our approach.This research was supported in part by ONR Contract N00014-88-C-0454. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of Computational Logic, Inc., the Office of Naval Research or the U.S. Government.     

Genetic and environmental influences on parent–son relationships: Evidence for increasing genetic influence during adolescence.

Genetic and environmental influences on self-reported parent-child relationships were examined in a sample of 824 individual male twins and their parents. Cross-sectional comparisons of twin similarity at ages 11 and 17 yrs were undertaken to identify developmental changes in the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to family relationships. Significant genetic influences were found on perceptions of parent-son conflict, regard, involvement, and overall support. Heritabilities were significantly higher in older twins, suggesting increased genetic influence with age. Age differences were present primarily in the father-son relationship. These results provide support for the proposal of S. Scarr and K. McCartney (1983) that the importance of active gene-environment correlations increases during adolescence. Older adolescents may have more choice and impact on the nature of the relationships they have with their parents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Data Base Interfaces

We often read about the need for better data base interfaces. But what precisely is meant by data base interfaces, and what constitutes better? This lack of precision can result in wrong solutions being promoted for real problems —or good solutions that may only solve part of the problem. The development of a better interface demands that data base designers and imple-mentors understand the varied nature of data base interfaces and match improvement goals to these interfaces in meaningful and practical ways.     

Use of gold tracer in the study of atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide

A technique using gold particles as a conserved tracer has been developed in an effort to determine experimentally the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in sour gas plant plumes. A helicopter was used for plume sampling at distances up to 4 km downwind of the stack. The concentration of sulfur dioxide gas in the plume sample was determined by the West-Gaeke method. Neutron activation analysis was used to determine the concentration of gold particles in the plume sample. Since gold particles do not react chemically with plume gases, any decrease in their concentration along the plume path was due to turbulent dispersion. This parameter allowed an accurate estimation to be made of the decrease in the sulfur dioxide concentration within the plume sample that had occured due to physical dilution alone. Any further decrease in concentration could therefore be attributed to loss by chemical reaction. The experimental results indicated that, within the range studied, there is no measurable oxidation of sulfur dioxide in sour gas plant plumes.