Nasofrontal-ethmoidal injuries

Our experiences in managing 17 patients with nasofrontal-ethmoidal injuries is reviewed. The treatment of frontal injuries, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and pseudohypertelorism is discussed.     

Anxiety and ego strength as predictors of response in schizophrenic patients.

Hypotheses, derived from existing psychological formulations of schizophrenia, that degree of manifest anxiety and ego strength would be positively related to response to treatment were examined in a sample of 50 male and 50 female first admission schizophrenics. Scales (Baron, 1953a; Taylor, 1953) purported to assess these variables did not predict treatment outcome for the combined groups. However, in analyses broken down by sex both predictors were significantly related to outcome criteria, but in consistently opposite directions for men and women. The markedly different results for men and women are interpreted in terms of the sex-role appropriateness of the behavior sampled by the predictor measures. (27 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Whatever happened to scholarly discourse? A reply to B. F. Skinner.

Comments that B. F. Skinner (see record 1988-00027-001) has presented an egregiously inaccurate characterization of humanistic psychology. The authors note that Skinnerian radical behaviorism emphasizes behavior, science, and technology, while humanistic psychologies emphasize human beings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

New millimetre-wave isolator containing a semiconductor rod in a circular waveguide

Attenuation characteristics of an InSb waveguide isolator at 94 GHz and 75 K are given experimentally and theoretically. The structure is a rod of InSb placed coaxially in a circular waveguide. Over 20 dB isolation is measured, with 3 dB forward loss.     

The effects of added impurities upon the electrochemical behaviour of iron in liquid ammonia solutions

Polarization data are presented for an iron electrode in liquid ammonia solutions containing ammonium salts and small amounts of the impurities: water, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonium carbamate, urea and boron trifluoride at 40°C. Additions of water up to a limiting concentration increase the iron dissolution currents in the active region. Additions of oxygen have a similar effect. The presence of either oxygen or water assists the onset of passivation and gives the phenomenon a more irreversible character.In ammonia, one mole of oxygen with two moles of Fe(II) forms a complex which can be cathodically reduced on vitreous carbon (1.0F per mol of Fe(II) or on iron (2.0F per mol of Fe(II)). On an iron cathode molecular oxygen is reduced at a rate determined by the mass transfer of oxygen, except at values of electrode potential more positive than the iron passivation potential.Nitrogen and urea do not affect the polarization behaviour of iron. Ammonium carbamate increases the iron dissolution currents obtained with nitrate or fluoroborate electrolytes but considerably inhibits the process in chloride electrolytes. Boron trifluoride profoundly increases the activity of iron towards dissolution.     

Hamilton's principle as substationarity principle

Summary The present paper deals with Hamilton's principle for nonconvex, generally non-differentiable functions. It is shown that in this case Hamilton's principle can be formulated as a substationarity principle which is a generalization of a stationarity principle. To this end the recently defined notion of Clarke's generalized gradient is used. Finally a generalization of modified Hamilton's principle is discussed.With 1 Figure     

Modeling the growth of PECVD silicon nitride films for solar cellapplications using neural networks

Silicon nitride films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are useful for a variety of applications, including anti-reflection coatings in solar cells, passivation layers, dielectric layers in metal/insulator structures, and diffusion masks, PECVD nitride films are known to contain hydrogen, and defect passivation by hydrogenation enhances efficiency in polycrystalline silicon solar cells. PECVD systems are controlled by many operating variables, including RF power, pressure, gas flow rate, reactant composition, and substrate temperature. The wide variety of processing conditions, as well as the complex nature of particle dynamics within a plasma, makes tailoring Si₃N₄ film properties very challenging, since it is difficult to determine the exact relationship between desired film properties and controllable deposition conditions. In this study, silicon nitride PECVD modeling using neural networks has been investigated. The deposition of Si₃N₄ was characterized via a central composite experimental design, and data from this experiment was used to train optimized feed-forward neural networks using the back-propagation algorithm. From these neural process models, the effect of deposition conditions on film properties has been studied. It was found that the process parameters critical to increasing hydrogenation and therefore enhancing carrier lifetime in polysilicon solar cells are temperature, silane, and ammonia flow rate. The deposition experiments were carried out in a Plasma Therm 700 series PECVD system     

Effects of bilateral olivocochlear lesions on vowel formant discrimination in cats

Operant conditioning procedures were used to measure the effects of bilateral olivocochlear lesions on the cat's discrimination thresholds for changes in the second formant frequency (deltaF2) of the vowel /epsilon/. Three cats were tested with the formant discrimination task under quiet conditions and in the presence of continuous broadband noise at signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 23, 13, and 3 dB. In quiet, vowel levels of 50 and 70 dB produced average deltaF2s of 42 and 47 Hz, respectively, and these thresholds did not change significantly in low levels of background noise (S/Ns = 23 and 13 dB). Average deltaF2s increased to 94 and 97 Hz for vowel levels of 50 and 70 dB in the loudest level of background noise (S/N = 3 dB). Average deltaF2 thresholds in quiet and in lower noise levels were only slightly affected when the olivocochlear bundle was lesioned by making bilateral cuts into the floor of the IVth ventricle. In contrast, post-lesion deltaF2 thresholds in the highest noise level were significantly larger than pre-lesion values; the most severely affected subject showed post-lesion discrimination thresholds well over 200 Hz for both 50 and 70 dB vowels. These results suggest that olivocochlear feedback may enhance speech processing in high levels of ambient noise.