Optical and structural properties of ZnO + Zn<Subscript>2</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>4</Subscript> thin films prepared by the sol–gel method

ZnO + Zn₂TiO₄ thin films were obtained by the sol–gel method using precursor solutions with different Ti/Zn ratios in the 0.18–2.13 range. The films were deposited on glass substrates and annealed in an open atmosphere at 550 °C. The oxide was characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy. The films were constituted of polycrystalline ZnO for the lowest Ti/Zn ratio (0.18), polycrystalline Zn₂TiO₄ for the 0.70 and 1.0 ratios, and mixes of both oxides for the intermediate ratios (0.32 and 0.50). For the highest ratios studied (1.44 and 2.13), the films were amorphous. The energy band gap (E_g) values were determined from optical absorption spectra, measured by means of the PA technique spectra. E_g varied in the 3.15 eV (ZnO) to 3.70 eV (Zn₂TiO₄) range.     

Metamorphic Heterostructure InP/GaAsSb/InP HBTs on GaAs Substrates by MOCVD

Good-quality metamorphic InP buffer layers have been successfully grown on GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Characterization by atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and Hall measurements indicated that the layers are of high crystalline quality, good mobility, and excellent surface morphology. On this buffer, we demonstrated the first metamorphic InP/GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with good material quality and device performance. Metamorphic DHBTs showed direct-current and radio-frequency characteristics that are comparable to those grown on lattice-matched InP substrates.     

多天线系统中有限反馈的码本设计

在多天线无线通信系统中，发射机利用来自接收机有限反馈的信道方向信息，能够提高系统容量和降低误码率．有限反馈的关键是码本设计，本文综述了近年来这一领域的研究成果．码本设计主要包括基于Grassmann流形中子空间包和基于信源编码中向量量化的两种方案，涉及对象包括不同类型的多天线信道和发射数据流模式．详细介绍了这两种方案的原理和相应算法，并比较了它们的异同点。     

Feldkurven und Einfluß der Nutung in permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen

Übersicht Ein numerisches Feldberechnungsverfahren wird dazu verwendet, erforderliche Grundlagen zur Berechnung der magnetischen Felder in permanenterregten Synchronmaschinen mit Hilfe vereinfachter Berechnungsmethoden zu ermitteln. Hierzu gehören in erster Linie die Feldkurven bei glattem Anker. Zur Erfassung des Nutungseinflusses werden zwangsläufig zwei verschiedene Cartersche Faktoren eingeführt. Der eine beschreibt das Verhältnis der Induktion bei glattem zu der bei genutetem Anker und der andere das Verhältnis der effektiven zur geometrischen Luftspaltlänge. Die Kurvenverläufe einer Hilfsgröße zur Ermittlung dieser beiden Faktoren werden angegeben.

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Field distribution and effect of slotting in permanentic synchronous machines

Contents A numerical method of field computation is used to define some fundamentals which are necessary for calculating the magnetic fields in permanentic synchronous machines with the aid of simplified methods. The predicted air-gap flux-density waves are first given for the case of a smooth armature surface. The effect of slotting is then taken into account by defining two different Carter coefficients. The first one gives the ratio of the air-gap flux-density of an armature with a smooth surface to that of a slotted one, while the other gives the ratio of the effective to the geometrical air-gap length. A fringing coefficient is given in the form of curves enabling the prediction of these factors.

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Verzeichnis der verwendeten Symbole A Strombelag, Vektorpotential - B magnetische Induktion - B _r Remanenz - B _p Permanenz - b _s Nutöffnungsbreite - b _z Zahnbreite an der Ankeroberfläche - C _1,2 Abkürzungen - G Stromdichte - g ₁ Fourierkoeffizient der Grundwelle - H magnetische Feldstärke - h _M Magnethöhe - k _cb Carterscher Faktor der Induktion - k _c Carterscher Faktor der Luftspaltlänge - k _d Längsfeldfaktor - M Magnetisierung - s Polbogenbreite - X _h Hauptreaktanz - x, y, z Koordinatenbezeichnung - _p Hilfsgröße zur Berechnung vonk _cb undk _c - dimensionslose Abkürzung - geometrische Luftspaltlänge - effektive Luftspaltlänge - Durchflutung - magnetische Leitfähigkeit - Permeabilität - Reluktivität - Polteilung - _N Nutteilung Indizes a Anker - d Längsachse - E Eisen - e eingeprägt - gl glatte Ankeroberfläche - i ideell, innen - M Magnet - m mittel - N Nut - p permanent - s Stabilisationspunkt - Luftspalt - Streuung     

Understanding barriers to home‐based and self‐care in‐center hemodialysis

Despite superior outcomes and lower associated costs, relatively few patients with end‐stage renal disease undergo self‐care or home hemodialysis. Few studies have examined patient‐ and physician‐specific barriers to self‐care and home hemodialysis in the modern era. The degree to which innovative technology might facilitate the adoption of these modalities is unknown. We surveyed 250 patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis and 51 board‐certified nephrologists to identify key barriers to adoption of self‐care and home hemodialysis. Overall, 172 (69%) patients reported that they were “likely” or “very likely” to consider self‐care hemodialysis if they were properly trained on a new hemodialysis system designed for self‐care or home use. Nephrologists believed that patients were capable of performing many dialysis‐relevant tasks, including: weighing themselves (98%), wiping down the chair and machine (84%), clearing alarms during treatment (53%), taking vital signs (46%), and cannulating vascular access (41%), but thought that patients would be willing to do the same in only 69%, 34%, 31%, 29%, and 16%, respectively. Reasons that nephrologists believe patients are hesitant to pursue self‐care or home hemodialysis do not correspond in parallel or by priority to reasons reported by patients. Self‐care and home hemodialysis offer several advantages to patients and dialysis providers. Overcoming real and perceived barriers with new technology, education and coordinated care will be required for these modalities to gain traction in the coming years.     

A research on problems of mixed-line production and the re-scheduling

This paper is to establish and solve the re-scheduling problems under a flow-shop mixed-line production planning. A case study of the final stage, module manufacturing, of TFT-LCD is provided for illustration of the developed mechanism. In this research, the mixed-line production system and its rescheduling problems are discussed. The buffer management and the DBR scheduling methods based on the Theory of Constraints are used to detect, identify, and level the bottleneck problems in the system. The direct contribution of the results is to increase the production flexibility and mobility of the manufacturing scheduling system and to benefit the entire members of supply chain system. The simulation software, Flexsim, is used to construct and evaluate the developed model, some phenomena of simulated system performance on the maximum delay of orders, the total cost of delay, and make span are discussed.     

Modeling ceramic filled polymer integrated capacitor formationusing neural networks

Integrated decoupling capacitors for MCM-L/D technology are an important component for next-generation electronic packaging applications. This paper presents a statistically designed experiment for systematic characterization of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of integrated capacitors formed by mixing lead magnesium niobate (PMN) particles into polyimide and benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer dielectric layers. We determine these quantities as a function of the type of polymer material, a volume fraction of ceramic in the polymer matrix, a polymer cure time, and polymer cure temperature. These factors have been examined by means of a D-optimal experiment. Results indicate manipulation of each of the four factors over the ranges examined lead to considerable variation in dielectric constant and loss tangent. Based on data from these experiments, we train neural networks to model this process variation as a function of above variables. Using this methodology, we determine proper combinations of polymer/ceramic materials and processing conditions to achieve desirable electrical properties     

Ella Fuller of Ypsilanti; a woman photographer in Michigan

Abstract

The photographic work of Ella Fuller was unknown until 1970, when more than 225 anonymous glass negatives came to the University of Michigan as the gift of H. Mark Hildebrandt, who bought them at an auction in rural Michigan in 1968. The plates turned out to be the work of Ella Grace Frisbee Fuller, a woman of Quaker origin. Born in 1872 in Belleville, near Detroit, she took up photography soon after her marriage in 1894 to Ira Fuller, a farmer from Ypsilanti Township. At about the same time she was reporting the events of her small community to a local newspaper. The plates span a period from around 1900 to just before the First World War. From later years only run-of-the-mill snapshots survive. Fuller took much interest in the temperance movement and at the age of 86 made her first air trip to attend an international Women's Christian Temperance Union conference in Mexico City in 1959. She died in 1968 at the age of 94.     

Plasma surface modification and characterization of collagen‐based artificial cornea for enhanced epithelialization

Argon plasma treatment enhanced the attachment of epithelial cells to a collagen‐based artificial cornea crosslinked using glutaraldehyde (GA) and glutaraldehyde‐polyethylene oxide dialdehyde (GA‐PEODA) systems. The epithelialization of untreated and treated surfaces was evaluated by the seeding and growth of human corneal epithelial cells. Characterization of polymer surface properties such as surface hydrophilicity and roughness was also made by contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Contact angle analysis revealed that the surface hydrophilicity significantly increased after the treatment. In addition, AFM characterization showed an increase in surface roughness through argon plasma treatment. Based on the biological and surface analysis, argon plasma treatment displays promising potential for biocompatibility enhancement of collagen‐based artificial corneas. It was also found that the cell attachment to artificial cornea surfaces was influenced by the combined effects of surface chemistry (i.e., surface energy), polymer surface morphology (i.e., surface roughness), and polar interactions between functional groups at the polymer surface and cell membrane proteins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007