Early endothelial alterations in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Nude mice were given AlPcS2a (aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate) and AlPcS4 (aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate) by intraperitoneal injections. After time intervals of 1-48 hours the mice were exposed to 150 mW cm-2 light at 670 nm and the phthalocyanine fluorescence was measured during light exposure. During the first few minutes of light exposure the phthalocyanine fluorescence of the skin of the mice increased by up to a factor of two, indicating lysosomal localization of the dye and permeabilization of the lysosomes. The process did not occur in the skin of dead mice, indicating that the process was dependent on oxygen.     

Design Strategies for Class A CMOS CCIIS

In this paper, solutions for class A CCIIs are discussed and design arrangements are suggested to achieve improved performance in terms of gain accuracy, impedance level, offset and linearity. The noise performance is also evaluated and compared for the various solutions. Finally, a novel CCII is proposed which is based on an innovative arrangement of the biasing. The circuit provides a THD 15 dB lower than previous solutions and has a linearity feature which has low sensitive to the mismatch of the parameters and V _T .     

Intramuscular fatty acid composition of lambs given a tanniniferous diet with or without polyethylene glycol supplementation

The aim of this trial was to investigate the effects that dietary tannins have on lamb intramuscular fatty acids. Twenty-seven lambs were divided into three homogeneous groups: control group, receiving commercial concentrate based on maize; tannin group, fed a diet based on carob pulp (45% as fed basis); PEG group, receiving the same diet as the latter with addition of 42 g/kg of polyethylene glycol (PEG, a binding agent that eliminates the effects of condensed tannins). The duration of the trial was 45 d. Intramuscular fatty acids were measured in the longissimus dorsi muscle. The isomer cis-9 trans-11 of linoleic acid (conjugated linoleic acid or CLA) and linolenic acid were higher in the longissimus muscle fat from animals fed the control diet compared to the other groups (P < 0.0005); these fatty acids were higher in the fat from animals fed the carob diet supplemented with PEG compared to those fed the same diet without PEG (P < 0.05). trans-Vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans-11) was found at higher concentration in fat from control and PEG lambs compared to tannin lambs (P < 0.01); the CLA/C18:1 trans-11 ratio was lower in lambs fed control and PEG diets than in tannin-fed animals (P < 0.05).