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981.
Omar Snchez Estrella Asp María C Martí Marlene Roeckel 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(11):1261-1267
Most of the kinetic studies on nitrification have been performed in diluted salts medium. In this work, the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) was determined by respirometry at different ammonia (0.01 and 33.5 mg N‐NH3 L?1), nitrite (0–450 mg N‐NO2? L?1) and nitrate (0 and 275 mg N‐NO3? L?1) concentrations in a saline medium at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Sodium azide was used to uncouple the ammonia and nitrite oxidation, so as to measure independently the AOR. It was determined that ammonia causes substrate inhibition and that nitrite and nitrate exhibit product inhibition upon the AOR. The effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were represented by the Andrews equation (maximal ammonia oxidation rate, rAOMAX, = 43.2 [mg N‐NH3 (g VSSAO h)?1]; half saturation constant, KSAO, = 0.11 mg N‐NH3 L?1; inhibition constant KIAO, = 7.65 mg N‐NH3 L?1), by the non‐competitive inhibition model (inhibition constant, KINI, = 176 mg N‐NO2? L?1) and by the partially competitive inhibition model (inhibition constant, KINA, = 3.3 mg N‐NO3? L?1; α factor = 0.24), respectively. The rAOMAX value is smaller, and the KSAO value larger, than the values reported in diluted salts medium; the KIAO value is comparable to those reported. Process simulations with the kinetic model in batch nitrifying reactors showed that the inhibitory effects of nitrite and nitrate are significant for initial ammonia concentrations larger than 100 mg N‐NH4+ L?1. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
982.
Spatially distributed data are often encountered in the biological sciences. Representation and analysis of such data requires specific tools. A simple geographical information system is presented, which allows representation and elementary analysis of geographically coded information. The system handles two kinds of data: maps and facts, where map data describe the basis on which the fact data are located. Maps consist of objects described through a set of coordinates, while for facts a coordinate pair is associated with an unlimited number of data records containing five fields: a date, an element from a list, a two-character code, an integer number and a real number. The input data can be displayed interactively on screen by logically combining selection criteria for each field. The facts corresponding to the selected criteria are either displayed as such, or are clustered and displayed as polygons or pies. A short example showing a possible application of the program is presented and advantages as well as limitations are discussed. 相似文献
983.
Abstract: This paper describes a shell for cooperating expert systems that has been developed at the University of Porto. The main goal of this shell is two-fold: to generate a community of cooperative knowledge-based systems and to develop several special reasoning techniques which can be used under a distributed and cooperative paradigm. UPShell is able to convert a set of generated intelligent systems (ISs) into a community of cooperative ISs. In this first version it is already possible to generate different intelligent systems which are able to run 'simultaneously' as separate Unix processes and, using a message-passing mechanism, to communicate among themselves. They can be set to pursue an overall goal in a cooperative way. Moreover, several tasks can be given to each IS to be solved simultaneously, and the IS can switch from task to task according to dynamic priorities reflecting the urgency attached to the specific sub-tasks that emerge. The shell described here may also be used to test, within a distributed environment, some time-bounded reasoning techniques that are presently being developed. The paper has three main parts: a general overview of the UPShell (Section 1); a tutorial explaining, by means of examples, how to use the package (Section 2); and, finally, some considerations on the reasoning techniques used and future improvements (Sections 3–5). 相似文献
984.
J.A. Bakken L. Barone D. Braun M. Caillat C. Dionisi C. Dor H. Elmamouni F. Ferroni G.L. Grazer J.T. He R. Herbiet B. Ille P. Lecomte E. Longo P.F. Loverre Y.S. Lu J.P. Martin U. Micke R.P. Mount P.A. Pirou H.-G. Sander D. Schmitz M. Schneegans D.P. Stickland R.L. Sumner K.L. Tung E. Valente M. Vivargent 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1985,228(2-3):294-302
A calorimeter of 25 bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals equipped with silicon photodiode readout has been tested at the CERN SPS in the energy range 1–50 GeV. The response for electrons has been shown to be linear in this energy range and the rms resolution obtained (
) is approximately 1%, for E > 4 GeV. The electron/pion separation was found to be better than 1:500 in the energy range 1–20 GeV. Data on lateral and longitudinal shower development were compared with the results of a Monte Carlo simulation using the SLAC-EGS program and found to be in good agreement. 相似文献
985.
A crack-tip screening analysis of cleavage fracture of steel is developed. The analysis incorporates evidence that reinitiation
of an arrested cleavage crack requires less stress intensity than cleavage initiation from a fatigue precrack. Fractographic
evidence as well as metallographic sectioning of arrested cracks have previously shown that the mechanism of rapid crack propagation
by cleavage is affected strongly by partial crack-plane deflection which leaves unbroken ligaments in its wake. The tearing
of these ligaments by dimple rupture is the dominant energy-absorbing mechanism. Earlier etch-pit experiments using an Fe-Si
alloy showed that the crack-tip stress intensity based on plastic zone size is extremely low. These observations are incorporated
into a model in which cleavage crack reinitiation is analyzed using a sharp crack that is shielded by a distribution of pinching
forces along its faces. During reloading of the arrested crack, the ligaments restrict crack-tip blunting, leading to higher
local stresses. As a result, lower stress intensities are needed for reinitiation than for initiation from a fatigue precrack. 相似文献
986.
Billardon M. Elleaume P. Ortega J. Bazin C. Bergher M. Velghe M. Deacon D. Petroff Y. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1985,21(7):805-823
In this paper we review the results obtained in the last two years with the Orsay free electron laser. 相似文献
987.
A. Vahid Shahidi I. Shih T. Araki C. H. Champness 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1985,14(3):297-310
Structural investigation on monocrystalline CuInSe2 samples has been made. From the single crystal results, the space group of CuInSe2 was confirmed to be Iˉ42d and the crystal solidification direction was investigated. Compositional uniformity of the ingots
was established by EPMA and it was found that the indium concentration was greater than that for copper. Systematic annealing
experiments were carried out in vacuum at different temperatures (as low as 160° C) and for different times. Large variation
in resistivity was observed after the annealing treatment. P-type samples were found to convert to n-type after the heat-treatments. 相似文献
988.
989.
In this paper we suggest a new statistical method of correcting the results of hot-line experiments for the effects of background sources and we use the new method to reassess the adequacy of three probability distributions proposed in the literature for image spread from line sources. The data are from sources labelled with 125I in semi-thin resin sections 0·4-0·8 μm in thickness. The new method reveals that two of the models describe the empirical distributions more closely than earlier analysis had suggested, and it confirms an increasing relationship between half distance of image spread and the thickness of the source. However, it also confirms that considerable ‘inter hot-line’ experimental variation remains, even after background correction. This suggests that multiple experiments are needed to produce reliable estimates of half distance. 相似文献
990.
We report impedance measurements on PVC matrix membranes which contain KBPh4 with varying proportions of valinomycin. In agreement with our earlier measurements the value of the bulk membrane resistance (Rb) is much larger in the presence of valinomycin, indicating that the mobility of K+ is greatly reduced by the valinomycin. Rb shows a linear variation with valinomycin/K+ ratio between 0 and 1, but it is invariant at higher valinomycin/K+ ratios. Thus there is no evidence for a special transport mechanism for K+ in these membranes. 相似文献