Theoretical Correlations and Measured Correlations: Relating Recognition and Recall in Four Distributed Memory Models.

This article addresses the relation between item recognition and associative (cued) recall. Going beyond measures of performance on each task, the analysis focuses on the degree to which the contingency between successful recognition and successful recall of a studied item reflects the commonality of memory processes underlying the recognition and recall tasks. Specifically, 4 classes of distributed memory models are assessed for their ability to account for the relatively invariant correlation (≈ .5) between successive recognition and recall. Basic versions of each model either under- or overpredict the intertask correlation. Introducing variability in goodness-of-encoding and response criteria, as well as output encoding, enabled all 4 models to reproduce the moderate intertask correlation and the increase in correlation observed in 2 mixed-list experiments. This model-based analysis provides a general theoretical framework for interpreting contingencies between successive memory tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

为保护人类和地球作出贡献

联合国可持续发展目标,诞生于2012年在里约热内卢举行的联合国可持续发展会议,是一系列指导2015-2030年全球发展工作的世界目标,包含17个,可持续发展目标和169个具体目标,涵盖可持续发展的三个维度:经济增长、社会包容和环境保护。     

The HIV-1 Gag Protein Displays Extensive Functional and Structural Roles in Virus Replication and Infectivity

Once merely thought of as the protein responsible for the overall physical nature of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the Gag polyprotein has since been elucidated to have several roles in viral replication and functionality. Over the years, extensive research into the polyproteins’ structure has revealed that Gag can mediate its own trafficking to the plasma membrane, it can interact with several host factors and can even aid in viral genome packaging. Not surprisingly, Gag has also been associated with HIV-1 drug resistance and even treatment failure. Therefore, this review provides an extensive overview of the structural and functional roles of the HIV-1 Gag domains in virion integrity, functionality and infectivity.     

Oxidative Stress and Chemoradiation-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Scoping Review of In Vitro,In Vivo and Clinical Studies

Chemoradiation-induced mucositis is a debilitating condition of the gastrointestinal tract eventuating from antineoplastic treatment. It is believed to occur primarily due to oxidative stress mechanisms, which generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The aim of this scoping review was to assess the role of oxidative stress in the development of Oral Mucositis (OM). Studies from the literature, published in MEDLINE and SCOPUS, that evaluated the oxidative stress pathways or antioxidant interventions for OM, were retrieved to elucidate the current understanding of their relationship. Studies failing inclusion criteria were excluded, and those suitable underwent data extraction, using a predefined data extraction table. Eighty-nine articles fulfilled criteria, and these were sub-stratified into models of study (in vitro, in vivo, or clinical) for evaluation. Thirty-five clinical studies evaluated antioxidant interventions on OM’s severity, duration, and pain, amongst other attributes. A number of clinical studies sought to elucidate the protective or therapeutic effects of compounds that had been pre-determined to have antioxidant properties, without directly assessing oxidative stress parameters (these were deemed “indirect evidence”). Forty-seven in vivo studies assessed the capacity of various compounds to prevent OM. Findings were mostly consistent, reporting reduced OM severity associated with a reduction in ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), but higher glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity or expression. Twenty-one in vitro studies assessed potential OM therapeutic interventions. The majority demonstrated successful a reduction in ROS, and in select studies, secondary molecules were assessed to identify the mechanism. In summary, this review highlighted numerous oxidative stress pathways involved in OM pathogenesis, which may inform the development of novel therapeutic targets.     

Linking care felt to engagement in innovative behaviors in the workplace: The mediating role of psychological conditions.

This study examines the relationships between care felt and engagement in innovative behaviors at work. We posit that when an individual perceives that coworkers care for him or her (i.e., care felt), this cultivates psychological conditions such as safety, meaningfulness, and availability, which result in a higher level of motivation and by implication engagement in innovative behaviors at work. A sample of 218 employees took part in the assessment of the relationship between the psychological conditions linked to care felt (measured at Time 1) and motivation and engagement in innovative behaviors (measured at Time 2). The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that care felt is positively linked to psychological conditions. The latter is positively related directly and indirectly (through motivation) to engagement in innovative behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

On-demand routing and channel assignment in multi-channel mobile ad hoc networks

The capacity of mobile ad hoc networks is constrained by the intra-flow interference introduced by adjacent nodes on the same path, and inter-flow interference generated by nodes from neighboring paths. By assigning orthogonal channels to neighboring nodes, one can minimize both types of interferences and allow concurrent transmissions within the neighborhood, thus improving the throughput and delay performance of the ad hoc network. In this paper, we present three novel distributed channel assignment protocols for multi-channel mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed protocols combine channel assignment with distributed on-demand routing, and only assign channels to active nodes. They are shown to require fewer channels and exhibit lower communication, computation, and storage complexity, compared with existing approaches. Through simulation studies, we show that the proposed protocols can effectively increase throughput and reduce delay, as compared to several existing schemes, thus providing an effective solution to the low capacity problem in multi-hop wireless networks.     

Social Spider Optimized Design Configuration of Multiband Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications

Reconfigurable antennas receive more attention for many application due to their special characteristics like polarization diversity, multi band function and steerable diversity. However, reconfigurable antennas are capable of providing single and multiple reconfigurability. Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for multi-service radios for various spectrum standards. Many exiting works have been discussed about the enhancement of multi-band operation in reconfigurable antenna design. Most of them exhibit huge design complexity with high-cost consumption during the design optimization process. Thus, the proposed work uses Social Spider Algorithm for optimizing the design configuration of the reconfigurable antenna. Similarly, the band pass filter used at the feed line of the proposed antenna structure to easily achieve multi-band operation. The proposed design developed in ANSYS HFSS implementation platform and result analysis is performed in terms of bandwidth, VSWR, return loss, radiation pattern, gain, and directivity. The proposed reconfigurable antenna structure achieves 26.75 GHz bandwidth with 9.9 dB total gain and 8.8 dB directivity when comparing with existing works. Thus, the proposed antenna design suitable for 5G application applications by providing multi-band operation like WLAN, UWB, and Wi-Fi.

     

Macrocell path loss prediction using artificial intelligence techniques

The prediction of propagation loss is a practical non-linear function approximation problem which linear regression or auto-regression models are limited in their ability to handle. However, some computational Intelligence techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs) have been shown to have great ability to handle non-linear function approximation and prediction problems. In this study, the multiple layer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN), radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) and an ANFIS network were trained using actual signal strength measurement taken at certain suburban areas of Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria. The trained networks were then used to predict propagation losses at the stated areas under differing conditions. The predictions were compared with the prediction accuracy of the popular Hata model. It was observed that ANFIS model gave a better fit in all cases having higher R² values in each case and on average is more robust than MLP and RBF models as it generalises better to a different data.     

Frequency tuning and pulse generation in a fiber laser with anintracavity semiconductor active filter

The authors demonstrate optical frequency tuning by direct electrical means as well as FM and AM mode-locking in an erbium-doped fiber laser with an intracavity distributed Bragg reflector active filter/modulator. They obtained a 6 nm discrete tuning range and pulses of 38 and 78 ps duration in AM and FM mode-locking, respectively