生产阻燃剂聚酯和阻燃性母料的方法

正专利提供了生产阻燃性聚酯的方法,聚酯通过共聚含有高浓度的磷,共聚物具有高聚合度,而且二乙二醇组分的共聚合度低,不易变色。生产阻燃聚酯的方法包括边搅拌组成物边加热的步骤,组成物含有下述(A)-(E)的组分:(A)用通式(1)表示的磷化合物;(B)不饱和的二羧酸或其形成的酯化合物;(C)由以乙二醇为主所构成的饱和脂肪烃多元醇和/或酯-形成性的衍生物;(D)(B)成分外的多元羧酸或     

PEI-assisted preparation of Au nanoparticles via reductive crystallization process

Nano-sized gold particles were prepared in a solution containing polyethylenimine (PEI) utilizing a batch reactor. PEI acts as a reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent of nanoparticles. The effects of initial concentration of PEI on the mean particle diameter, coefficient of variation (C.V.), growth rate, nucleation rate and the number of nuclei were studied. The particle diameter of gold decreased markedly with increasing initial concentration of PEI, from 3.3 μm to a minimum value of about 5 nm. The observed decrease of particle diameter was considered to be caused by the growth-inhibiting effect of PEI, which affects the conclusive number of nuclei.     

Theoretical studies on VPI-5. 3. The MS-Q force field for aluminophosphate zeolites

Aluminophosphate zeolite is an artificial material which shows strange hydrophilicity. We have been investigating the reason by quantum mechanics, and found that the hydrophilicity of this zeolite depended on the local geometric deformation, and speculated that the site-specific hydrophilicity might be explained by differences in the stiffness of the local deformation determined by the location with the pore structure. In order to test these ideas, we construct a reliable force field based on the new MS-Q approach developed by Demiralp, Cagin, and Goddard. Our force field well reproduces the experimental structure of VPI-5.     

Low-dose N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester treatment improves survival rate and decreases myocardial injury in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3

Recent reports demonstrated the expression of inducible-type NO synthase in the heart of viral myocarditis. Since NO has multiple biological actions, a substantial amount of NO produced in the diseased heart may act either as a cytotoxic or as a cytoprotective molecule in the process of myocarditis. In the present study, we examined the effect of inhibition of NO synthesis on the mortality and the extent of myocardial injury in a murine model of coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis. We fed the infected mice drinking water containing a relatively low concentration (0.37 mmol/L) of N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 14 days after virus inoculation. This dose of L-NAME did not change virus titers in the heart. However, L-NAME-fed mice showed a significant reduction in mortality compared with those fed normal drinking water (nontreated mice). On the contrary, mice given a higher concentration of L-NAME (3.7 mmol/L) exhibited increased mortality. In addition, mice fed a low concentration of L-NAME showed reductions in the severity of heart failure and in the area of myocardial necrosis. Although systemic blood pressure was reduced in nontreated mice, in mice fed a low concentration of L-NAME, it was maintained at a level similar to that in uninfected control mice, L-NAME-treated mice also exhibited a reduction in the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration associated with decreased production of tissue prostaglandin E2 levels in the heart compared with nontreated mice. Therefore, NO is likely to be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of myocardial injury and resultant cardiac dysfunction in a murine model of coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis.     

Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities in the sera and milk of cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis

The presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities was determined in milk and serum of cows with naturally occurring coliform mastitis (CFM). TNF-alpha was detected in the sera from 26 of 32 cows with CFM. TNF-alpha levels were higher in the sera than in the milk. IL-6 was high in the sera of surviving CFM animals, but was low in animals that died and in healthy controls. Furthermore, the mean level of IL-6 was 20-fold higher in the milk than in the sera of mastitic cows. The level of IL-6 in the serum was correlated to that in the milk in individual animals. The presence of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the sera appears to relate to severe clinical condition of CFM, in the milk whereas they may play a role in generating inflammation of the mammary gland.     

Liquid-fuel combustion in a narrow tube using an electrospray technique

This study experimentally investigated the possibility of stable burning conditions of liquid fuel inside a narrow tube using an electrospray technique without external heating or a catalyst. The mixture of 30% volume ethanol and 70% volume n-heptane was used as a liquid fuel atomized by the electrospray method with single capillary-ring extractor-mesh collector electrode configuration placed inside a quartz glass tube with an inner diameter of 3.5 mm. A stable flame was established inside the narrow tube without wall wetting within a certain range of equivalence ratio for a fuel flow rate of 1 mL/h. This study confirmed that the role of the mesh as the collector was very important in establishing a stable flame inside the narrow tube. If the fuel flow rate was sufficiently large, wall wetting occurred and eventually stable burning stopped.     

Effects of growth temperature and [PH3]/[In(C2H5)3] on purity of epitaxial InP grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition

High-purity undoped InP epitaxial layers (ND ? NA = 5 × 1014 cm?3, ?77?105 cm2/Vs) are grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. The carrier concentrations decrease and the electron mobilities increase as the growth temperature decreases from 700°C to 575°C and the mole fraction ratios ([PH3]/[In(C2H5)3]) increase from 29 to 290.     

New chemical etching solution for InP and GaInAsP gratings

A new chemical etching solution of bromine-water system, which is suitable for transforming the fine resist grating mask pattern onto InP and GaInAsP surfaces, is reported. The Br2:H2O:H3PO4 (or HCl) solution does not dissolve AZ 1350 photoresist and exhibits both moderate etching rate and a pit-free etched surface.     

Thin-Film Thermoelectric Modules for Power Generation Using Focused Solar Light

We demonstrated the fabrication of thin-film thermoelectric generators and evaluated their generation properties using solar light as a thermal source. Thin-film elements of Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃ (p-type) and Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 (n-type), which were patterned using the lift-off technique, were deposited on glass substrates using radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. After annealing at 300°C, the average Seebeck coefficients of p- and n-type films were 150???V/K and ?104???V/K, respectively, at 50°C to 75°C. A cylindrical lens was used to focus solar light to a line shape onto the hot side of the thin-film thermoelectric module with 15 p?Cn junctions. The minimum width of line-shaped solar light was 0.8?mm with solar concentration of 12.5 suns. We studied the properties of thermoelectric modules with different-sized p?Cn junctions on the hot side, and obtained maximum open voltage and power values of 140?mV and 0.7???W, respectively, for a module with 0.5-mm p?Cn junctions. The conversion efficiency was 8.75?×?10^?4%, which was approximately equal to the value estimated by the finite-element method.     

Motion coordination algorithm for distributed agents in the cellular warehouse problem

A distributed approach is shown to coordinate the motions of transport tables for the cellular warehouse problem. In this approach, the tables are considered to be autonomous agents, and a built-in behavior function given by artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the evolved problem-oriented connection weights navigate the agents to their specified goals. To determine the agent to be moved, a measure of the priority to move is introduced. We show that distributed agents with the learned behavior function and the negotiation value perform a similar strategy to a “serializable” solution forN-puzzle problems, which provides a good heuristic strategy for large-scale problems. This work was presented, in part, at the Sixth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Tokyo, Japan, January 15–17, 2001