On Cone Formation on Burnt Anode Face in Aluminum Electrolyzers

Metallurgist - The causes of cone formation on the face of carbon anodes in aluminum electrolyzers are examined. The mechanism of cone formation has not been studied well enough to reduce the...     

Thermophysical and rheological properties of certain biological fluids

The dependence of the thermophysical properties of blood on its physicochemical composition and rheological properties is determined. Measurements are carried out by the probe technique.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 467–472, September, 1977.     

Observation of carbon segregation and evolution of vacancy defects in a surface layer of iron exposed to a low-energy high-current electron beam

For the first time, Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) using a proton microbeam and a slow positron beam were used to analyze (scan) the surface and near-surface layers of α-Fe after exposure to a low-energy high-current electron beam. Grain-boundary segregation of carbon and the formation of impurity complexes were observed. Proton microbeam scanning revealed regions of reduced local density which are sources of crater formation. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 13–20 (May 12, 1998)     

An investigation of the effect of the electrolyte composition on the consumption of fired anodes during electrolytic aluminum production

The effect of adding CaF₂, AlF₃, and KF into electrolyte on the consumption of fired anode during aluminum electrolysis is investigated. The CaF₂ content varied from 5 to 10 wt % in the electrolyte of the industrial composition. Correspondingly, the concentration of AlF₃ and KF varied from 4 to 10 and from 0 to 4.7 wt % in the modified electrolytes. Based on the procedure used, the total consumption of carbon and the amount of carbon transported into the gas phase (m _g) and foam (m _f) were determined. Electrolysis duration was 12 h, the distance between the poles was 40 mm, the temperature was 960°C, and the current density was 0.85 and 1.2 A/cm². It is established that adding CaF₂ and AlF₃ increases the consumption of anode, while adding KF decreases it. For CaF₂, ?m _f/?[CaF₂] is larger than ?m _g/?[CaF₂], 15.4 and 6.6 kg/(t_Al wt %) CaF₂, respectively. For AlF₃, ?m _f/?[AlF₃] is also larger than ?m _g/?[AlF₃] and equals 6.8 and 4.2 kg/(t_Al wt %) AlF₃. For KF, ?m _f/?[KF] is smaller than ?m _g/?[KF], being ?11.3 and ?8.1 kg/(t_Al wt %) KF.     

Effect of a protruding rod-supported disk on the drag of a nose-controlled cylinder

The drag C _x of a cylinder of diameter D with a front protruding disk supported on a rod of length l has been studied as a function of the relative distance l/D under the conditions of high (supersonic) flight velocities. It is established that the optimum (minimum) drug C _x exists, the value of which agrees with the results of numerical simulations.