生产性服务业集聚研究综述

生产性服务业作为直接服务于工业生产的现代服务业,对促进我国经济结构调整具有重要意义。发达国家的发展历程已经证明,生产性服务业集聚已成为地区经济增长的重要引擎。本文从生产性服务业集聚形成机理、集聚的测度及影响因素等方面,对国内外生产性服务业集聚的相关研究成果进行梳理和评论。     

三维流感病毒免疫模型研究

随着人类社会的发展,人类对于自身健康的研究越来越深入,人工免疫系统也成为了生物信息研究领域的热点.传统的动物实验虽趋于完善,却也出现了研究技术上的难关,研究员们无法通过传统的实验室环境模拟数量化的人体体内环境,更无法用人类活体做实验.这样,就产生了二维的免疫计算机模型,但也并没有完全贴切人体环境的要求.因此,我们利用Java 3D计算机三维模型以及计算机仿真方式来搭建类似于体内真实环境的人体免疫计算机模型,这可以使得人工免疫系统模型更加完善.与培养皿方式的实验相比,计算机模型的实验方式可以用于研究免疫系统智能性,对研究设计新的人工免疫系统方法很有意义.而且计算机模型具有准确性高、误报率低和稳定性好等优点.本文利用Java 3D技术,通过细胞之间的相互作用,加入对流感病毒免疫应答的仿真,结合免疫细胞的参数,模拟临床实验,期望得到一些规律性的结果.     

支持向量机多分类问题研究

支持向量机是典型的两类分类方法,如何将其推广到多分类问题是学者们正在研究的一个热点。对比分析几种常用的多类方法的优缺点,利用标准数据集对多类支持向量机的速度和精度两方面进行试验分析。研究表明,对于大规模的多类分类问题,有向无环图简单易行,具有理想的训练速度与精度,具有一定的参考价值。     

中小型企业ERP供应管理模块定制开发

针对中小离散型制造企业,定制开发一套ERP系统。该系统由8个主要模块组成,其中,重点介绍供应管理模块的开发。以产品3层BOM表为核心,将零件分为22个类别进行编号,采用订单式管理,订单合同号和零件号关联,提供载入和显示工程图的功能。某电装实业有限公司的应用实践表明,该系统界面友好,小巧实用,符合企业的作业流程,能提高企业的生产效率,为该类型企业的ERP定制开发提供参考。     

生态敏感性评价研究进展

生态敏感性评价不仅为分析和预测区域生态系统失衡和环境问题提供依据,而且是生态环境影响分析和城市生态系统建设调控的重要内容和环节。文章总结了生态敏感性评价的内涵,从生态敏感性评价对象、评价方法和步骤、评价体系建立的方法、评价权重确定和评价模型选择的方法等方面,阐述了当前生态敏感性评价的研究进展,分析了生态敏感性研究存在的不足,并对生态敏感性的应用前景做出了展望。     

基于随机森林算法的泥页岩孔隙度预测

准确、快速地获取泥页岩孔隙度对页岩油空间分布及勘探目标预测具有重要意义。针对利用测井响应方程预测孔隙度精度较低的问题,建立一种基于随机森林算法的孔隙度预测模型,与BP 神经网络、支持向量机和XGBoost 算法进行预测精度对比,并利用SHAP 方法分析测井参数的重要性和影响范围。研究结果表明：随机森林算法可以很好地预测泥页岩孔隙度,且预测效果好于BP 神经网络、支持向量机和XGBoost 算法;基于随机森林算法的泥页岩孔隙度预测在渤海湾盆地某凹陷应用发现,对模型预测孔隙度最重要的前3 项测井参数为补偿中子、自然伽马和普通视电阻率;基于随机森林算法的泥页岩孔隙度预测模型可以快速识别单井孔隙度,不仅可以弥补因无法连续取心而难以获取完整孔隙度分布特征的问题,还能大幅提高孔隙度预测效率与精度。     

普通稠油原位乳化降黏驱微观渗流特征可视化研究

普通稠油乳化降黏驱是表面活性剂驱和乳状液驱的综合过程,既包含表面活性剂的降低界面张力作用,又包含乳状液的调驱作用。为此,采用微观物理模拟可视化研究多孔介质中乳状液的形成机制和运移特征,利用天然露头长岩心并联驱替实验分别进行水驱+乳化降黏驱和直接乳化降黏驱实验,进一步验证乳化降黏驱渗流特征,对比分析乳化降黏驱的驱油效果。实验结果表明,乳化降黏驱在剪切和降低界面张力作用下原位形成乳状液,形成的乳状液通过卡封、架桥和吸附滞留3 种封堵模式导致驱替介质的频繁绕流改道,起到扩大波及范围及提高驱油效率的作用。乳状液运移过程中与多孔介质相互作用,呈三快三慢的渗流特征。由此导致的渗滤作用,使乳状液分布沿着渗流路径和驱替倍数增加呈规律性变化。对比不同注入方式的岩心并联驱替实验结果,发现直接乳化降黏 驱比水驱的启动压力低（分别为0.57 和1.52 MPa）,水驱后进行乳化降黏驱的注入压力由0.37 MPa 升至1.17 MPa。随着乳化降黏剂溶液的注入,驱替压力波动式上升直至平衡。相同注入量下,直接乳化降黏驱比水驱+乳化降黏的驱油效率增加了16.69%,进一步证实乳化降黏驱扩大波及范围和提高驱油效率的有效性。     

Kinetics simulation of propylene epoxidation over different Ti species in TS-1

A thorough experimental investigation on the kinetic behavior of liquid-phase propylene epoxidation over TS-1 and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) treated TS-1 catalysts was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. The amounts of different coordinated Ti species in the catalysts were quantified by spectroscopies, and their catalytic performances of the epoxidation and alcoholysis of propylene oxide were measured by kinetic modeling. The study shows that the TPAOH treatment converted some of the tetrahedrally coordinated Ti to octahedrally coordinated Ti, and both species were active for the epoxidation and alcoholysis. The superior catalytic performance observed over the TPAOH treated TS-1 is due to two factors, the increased percentage of active sites, and reduced energy barrier for epoxidation on the octahedrally coordinated Ti. In addition, as the H₂O₂ conversion increases, the adsorption equilibrium constant of propylene oxide plays a more decisive role than the activation energy for the selectivity of propylene glycol monomethyl ethers.     

Effects of Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si ratios on the properties of the international simple glass,part II: Structure

High-alumina containing high-level waste (HLW) will be vitrified at the Waste Treatment Plant at the Hanford Site. The resulting glasses, high in alumina, will have distinct composition-structure-property (C-S-P) relationships compared to previously studied HLW glasses. These C-S-P relationships determine the processability and product durability of glasses and therefore must be understood. The main purpose of this study is to understand the detailed structural changes caused by Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si substitutions in a simplified nuclear waste model glass (ISG, international simple glass) by combining experimental structural characterizations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The structures of these two series of glasses were characterized by neutron total scattering and ²⁷Al, ²³Na, ²⁹Si, and ¹¹B solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, MD simulations were used to generate atomistic structural models of the borosilicate glasses and simulation results were validated by the experimental structural data. Short-range (eg, bond distance, coordination number, etc) and medium-range (eg, oxygen speciation, network connectivity, polyhedral linkages) structural features of the borosilicate glasses were systematically investigated as a function of the degree of substitution. The results show that bond distance and coordination number of the cation-oxygen pairs are relatively insensitive to Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si substitutions with the exception of the B-O pair. Additionally, the Al:Si substitution results in an increase in tri-bridging oxygen species, whereas (Al + Na):Si substitution creates nonbridging oxygen species. Charge compensator preferences were found for Si-[NBO] (Na⁺), ^[3]B-[NBO] (Na⁺), ^[4]B (mostly Ca²⁺), ^[4]Al (nearly equally split Na⁺ and Ca²⁺), and ^[6]Zr (mostly Ca²⁺). The network former-BO-network former linkages preferences were also tabulated; Si-O-Al and Al-O-Al were preferred at the expense of lower Si-O-^[3]B and ^[3]B-O-^[3]B linkages. These results provide insights on the structural origins of property changes such as glass-transition temperature caused by the substitutions, providing a basis for future improvements of theoretical and computer simulation models.     

Atomic and micro-structure features of nanoporous aluminosilicate glasses from reactive molecular dynamics simulations

Long-term chemical durability of borosilicate glasses that makes them a widely accepted form of nuclear waste disposal is achieved through the formation of a porous aluminosilicate gel layer that provides passivity and limits the transport of water to the reaction front. Detailed understanding of the porous silicate gel layer is thus critical in elucidating the corrosion mechanism of these glasses and to design of new glass composition for waste immobilization and other applications. In this paper, we use the diffuse charge reactive potential to generate porous aluminosilicate glass structures with compositions equivalent to the gel layers formed at the glass-water interface with an aim to understand the processing condition on the microstructure and atomic structure of these systems. We demonstrate the use of the charge scaling techniques is an effective approach to generate these porous structures with controllable pore mophologies. After initial validation of the potentials and calcium aluminosilicate glass structures using neutron diffraction, we created gel structures with compositions similar to well-known model nuclear waste borosilicate glasses. The porosities and the pore size distribution bear a strong correlation to the processing temperature, as well as to the local atomic structure. Thus, by controlling the processing parameters, the generated porous structures can be customized to closely resemble gel structures due to borosilicate glass corrosion. These results provide insights of the micro- and atomic structure features of the porous aluminosilicate glasses and on the optimal procedure to generate porous structures that can be comparable to experimentally observed gel layer structures thus to elaborate on the correlations between the structure and phenomena in glass-water interactions.