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991.
Recently, broadcast/multicast over cellular networks has been actively discussed over commercial wireless mobile terminals. Compared to conventional terrestrial or satellite broadcasting systems, the quality-of-service (QoS) for edge users is an important issue due to inter-cell interference over multi-cell environments. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic bandwidth and carrier allocation (DBCA) technique by fully utilizing different visual importance of each layer in multi-layer video for broadcast/multicast services when the number of users is limited over macro/micro/femto cell environments. To ensure an acceptable video quality for edge users, the bandwidth and the loading ratio are dynamically controlled to enhance the utility through the radio resource control in accordance with the visual importance. The simulation results show that DBCA exhibits much better QoS by sending visually more important data with high priority in the cell border region. 相似文献
992.
Chang-Yeong Oh Min Young Chung Hyunseung Choo Tae-Jin Lee 《Wireless Personal Communications》2013,68(2):417-432
The interference mitigation technique based on fractional frequency reuse (FFR) provides improved cell-edge performance with similar overall cell capacity as that of systems with the frequency reuse factor of one. Furthermore, frequency sub-band allocation by FFR has the benefit of allowing flexibility for the deployment of femto-cells through frequency partitioning. Determination of a proper frequency partitioning criterion between the cell-center and the cell-edge, and between the cells with femto-cells is an important issue. In addition, time resource partitioning introduces another degree of freedom to the design of time-frequency resource allocation. In this paper, we propose a novel time-frequency resource allocation mechanism using FFR for a macro-femto overlay cellular network. Feasible frequency sub-band and time resource is allocated to the cell-center and the cell-edge region in a cell by the proposed partitioning criterion and the time partitioning ratio. We provide a guideline for how to determine the partitioning criterion for the regions and how to design the amount of time resource. We derive the average capacity of macro-cells and femto-cells, and introduce a new harmonic mean metric to maximize the average capacity of the regions while achieving the fairness among users in a cell. 相似文献
993.
Seung Hun Oh Jae Seong Kim Jin Suk Chung Sung Hong Hahn 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(3):327-335
Transparent nanophase TiO2 thin films on soda lime glass were prepared from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) by a sol-gel dip-coating method. The TiO2 films had amorphous phase up to 400°C and anatase phase at 500°C. The amorphous TiO2 films obtained at 300–400°C showed considerable photoactivity for the degradation of formic acid. The photoactivity of the TiO2 films was enhanced with increasing calcination temperature from 300° to 500°C. The crystallinity of the anatase films at 500°C was improved with increasing calcination time up to 2 h and reduced with a further increase in calcination time to 4 h due to the significant formation of sodium titanate phase as a result of sodium diffusion. The four-time-dipping anatase films at 500°C exhibited the greatest photoactivity at the calcination time of 2 h. Sodium diffusion into TiO2 films was retarded by a SiO2 underlayer of 50 nm in thickness. 相似文献
994.
A Unique Approach to Characterization of Sol‐Gel‐Derived Rare‐Earth‐Doped Oxyfluoride Glass‐Ceramics
Go Kawamura Ryota Yoshimura Kazunari Ota Song‐Yul Oh Norio Hakiri Hiroyuki Muto Tomokatsu Hayakawa Atsunori Matsuda 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(2):476-480
Using the sol‐gel route Nd3+‐doped oxyfluoride glass‐ceramics were prepared. LiYF4 and YF3 crystals were deposited in the glass‐ceramics and their size, distribution, and amount ratio were varied by changing the compositions and heating temperatures. The incorporation of Nd3+ ions into both the fluoride crystals was confirmed by the high‐resolution elemental mapping of the glass‐ceramics. The incorporated Nd3+ ions showed up and down conversion photoluminescence whose properties were obviously different among the samples. The preliminary site analysis for Nd3+ ions was carried out using a unique approach associated with the Prony series approximation. Finally, the approach was found to be useful for the analysis of materials that are structurally complicating. 相似文献
995.
Jung‐Jae Park Do‐Yeon Kim Jong‐Gun Lee Donghwan Kim Joon‐Ho Oh Tae‐Yeon Seong Maikel F.A.M. van Hest Sam S. Yoon 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(5):1596-1601
Photocatalytic and hydrophilic TiO2 thin‐film applications include water purification, cancer therapy, solar energy conversion, self‐cleaning devices, and antifogging windows. We demonstrate superhydrophilicity of aerosol‐deposition (AD) TiO2 films on a glass substrate without use of a carrier solvent, thereby removing the possibility of impurity contamination. AD films exhibit high visible light transmittance (greater than 80%) and superhydrophilicity (0° contact angle) with even minimal UV‐light irradiation exposure. This AD method represents a significant step toward the realization of economically viable, functional thin films for the aforementioned applications. 相似文献
996.
Kong Ping Oh 《摩擦学汇刊》2013,56(2):111-116
A gradient method is described which can be used to solve problems in elastohydrodynamics. The method involves the minimization of an error function, and is compatible with such numerical schemes of solving continuum problems as the finite element or the finite difference method. A finite length slider bearing is used to illustrate the method, and numerical results for the elastohydrodynamic pressure distribution are presented. 相似文献
997.
A review of the recent trends of robots would show that robots are gradually being miniaturized. However, most commercially available speed reducers suffer from the limitations in terms of structure and vibration when applied to small robots. A new speed reducer mechanism was designed to check the reducer ratio and contact points between the balls and inclined planes. Contact force analysis between the gear curves and the balls and contact force analysis between the balls and inclined planes were conducted using a numerical method and FEM analysis. This virtual prototype simulation provided essential data and analysis foundation for the physical prototype’s manufacture and testing. Meanwhile, it also provided the important basis for optimizing the tooth profile and the performance. A speed reducer was manufactured to check the performance. This manufactured thin plate-type speed reducer imposed less compressive stress on the tooth profile and the balls, which greatly increased the facility of the robot. 相似文献
998.
Cheol-Hong Hwang Chang Bo Oh Chang-Eon Lee 《International Journal of Thermal Sciences》2009,48(7):1423-1431
We carried out numerical simulations to understand how CO2 dilution in either fuel or oxidizer stream changes the flame-vortex interactions in terms of hydrodynamic effects in CH4–air nonpremixed jet flames. The simulation used a time-dependent, axisymmetric computational model and a low Mach number approximation. Reaction rates were calculated from a two-step global reaction mechanism that considered six species. Studies were conducted with fixed initial velocities for three different cases of CO2 introduction: (1) without dilution, (2) dilution in a fuel stream, and (3) dilution in an oxidizer stream. A single vortex was generated by an axisymmetric jet driven of cold fuel, after a flame development was reached to quasi steady-state condition. The simulation shows that CO2 dilution in a fuel stream leads to a slightly increased vortex radius and more entrainment of surrounding fluids compared to the other dilution methods tested. Thus, dilution of CO2 in a fuel stream enhances the mixing inside a single vortex and increases the stretching of the flame surface. The vorticity transport equation budgets were examined to reveal the mechanisms of vortex formation in the presence of CO2. In the stage of vortex formation, vortex production due to baroclinic torque and vortex destruction due to volumetric expansion were found to be greater in the case of CO2 dilution in a fuel stream than in the other dilution cases. However, after vortex formation, there terms showed the opposite tendencies. 相似文献
999.
K.-H. Kim H.-J. Kim K.-Y. Lee J.H. Jang S.-Y. Lee E. Cho I.-H. Oh T.-H. Lim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2008
The role of Nafion® binder in the electrodes was evaluated by changing its content for the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication. In the study, we prepared MEAs that have two different compositions of catalyst layers in electrodes. One layer which is close to the electrolyte membrane has the higher Nafion® content. The other which is near the gas diffusion media (GDM) has the lower one. Also, we changed the thickness of two layers to find the ideal composition of the binder and Pt/C in the electrode. The dual catalyst layer coated MEA showed higher cell performance at high current density region than the pristine MEA. 相似文献
1000.
J. K. Lee S. H. Kim D. M. Wee K. Sharvan Kumar M. H. Oh 《Metals and Materials International》2008,14(6):713-720
The most pertinent coating materials in the Al−Ti−Cr alloy system to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of
a TiAl alloy, with respect to oxidation properties, resistance to thermal stress, and chemical compatibility, are the two-phase
alloys of Al−21Ti−23Cr (L12+Cr2Al) and Al−37Ti−12Cr (γ+TiAlCr). In this study, cyclic oxidation tests at 1000 °C and 1200 °C were performed for the specimens
coated with both materials of 10 im thickness. Furthermore, breakaway oxidation caused by the formation of a rutile TiO2 scale was observed, though both bulk alloys showed very stable oxidation behavior. This phenomenon was resulted from the
depleted Al content in the coating layer due to Al2O3 oxide growth and interdiffusion with the substrate. Considering the decrease of Al content due to oxide growth, the Al−21Ti−23Cr
coating with the initial higher Al content was more effective for long-term oxidation protection of the TiAl alloy. On the
other hand, when the Al content changes due to the interdiffusion with the substrate, the Al−37Ti−12Cr coating with a smaller
compositional gradient with the TiAl substrate was more effective than the Al−21Ti−23Cr coating. Cyclic oxidation tests at
1000 °C and 1200 °C confirmed that for the longer lifetime of coating materials the initial Al content was more important
than the smaller compositional gradient with the substrate. Consequently, the Al−21Ti−23Cr coating was considered as more
effective one for the long-term oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys. 相似文献