Solvent- and Light-Sensitive AIEE-Active Azo Dye: From Spherical to 1D and 2D Assemblies

Fluorescent molecular assembly systems provide an exciting platform for creating stimuli-responsive nano- and microstructured materials with optical, electronic, and sensing functions. To understand the relationship between (i) the plausible molecular structures preferentially adopted depending on the solvent polarity (such as N,N-dimethylformamide [DMF], tetrahydrofuran [THF], and toluene), (ii) the resulting spectroscopic features, and (iii) self-assembled nano-, micro-, and macrostructures, we chose a sterically crowded triangular azo dye (3Bu) composed of a polar molecular core and three peripheral biphenyl wings. The chromophore changed the solution color from yellow to pink-red depending on the solvent polarity. In a yellow DMF solution, a considerable amount of the twisted azo form could be kept stable with the help of favorable intermolecular interactions with the solvent molecules. By varying the concentration of the DMF solution, the morphology of self-assembled structures was transformed from nanoparticles to micrometer-sized one-dimensional (1D) structures such as sticks and fibers. In a pink-red toluene solution, the periphery of the central ring became more planar. The resulting significant amount of the keto-hydrazone tautomer grew into micro- and millimeter-sized 1D structures. Interestingly, when THF-H₂O (1:1) mixtures were stored at a low temperature, elongated fibers were stacked sideways and eventually developed into anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) sheets. Notably, subsequent exposure of visible-light-irradiated sphere samples to solvent vapor resulted in reversible fluorescence off↔on switching accompanied by morphological restoration. These findings suggest that rational selection of organic dyes, solvents, and light is important for developing reusable fluorescent materials.     

Consumer Awareness and Interest Toward Sodium Reduction Trends in Korea

Reduction of dietary sodium intake by lowering amount of sodium in foods is a global industry target. Quantitative information on current consumer knowledge of sodium reduction trends in Korea is unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify the consumer knowledge and awareness of sodium and salt reduction in foods and to characterize consumer interest in health labeling on the food package. Additionally, comparison of consumer knowledge status between Korea and United States was followed. Consumers (n = 289) participated in an internet survey designed to gauge consumer knowledge and attitudes toward dietary sodium, the sodium content in representative food products (n = 27), and their interest toward specific health claims, including sodium labeling. Questions regarding demographics as well as consumption characteristics were asked. Sodium knowledge index and saltiness belief index were calculated based on the number of correct responses regarding the salt level and sodium content in given food products. Kano analysis was conducted to determine the role of nutrition labels in consumer satisfaction with products. Current consumer knowledge on the sodium content in food products was high, and consumers were adept at matching the sodium content with the salty taste intensity of food products. Consumers’ knowledge of the relationship between diets high in sodium and an increased risk of developing previously reported sodium‐related diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stomach cancer, were also high. Information on the nutrition panel that influences the consumer satisfaction (trans‐fat, sodium, ingredient list, and country of origin) as well as adjective‐nutrition claim pairs that appeal positively to purchase intent of the product were identified.     

Numerical simulation of steady natural convection heat transfer in a 3-dimensional single-ended tube subjected to a nanofluid

In this paper, 3-dimensional numerical simulation of steady natural convective flow and heat transfer are studied in a single-ended tube with non-uniform heat input. Apart from some other applications, it serves as a simplified model of the single-ended evacuated solar tube of a water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater. It is assumed that the sealed end of tube to be adiabatic and also the tube opening to be subjected to copper–water nanofluid. Governing equations are derived based on the conceptual model in the cylindrical coordinate system. The governing equations have been then approximated by means of a fully implicit finite volume control method (FVM), using SIMPLE algorithm on the collocated arrangement. The study has been carried out for solid volume fraction 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05 and maximum heat flux 100 ≤ q_m ≤ 700. Considering that the driven flow in the tube is influenced by the dimensions and the inclination angle of the solar tube, the flow patterns and temperature distributions are presented on different cross sectional planes and longitudinal sections, when the tube is positioned at different orientations.     

Electric dipole transitions in Cl-like ions

Theoretical transition energies, wavelengths, and oscillator strengths for E1 transitions from the low-lying $\text{J =}\text{1}\text{2}$, $\text{J =}\text{3}\text{2}$, and $\text{J =}\text{5}\text{2}$ excited states to the $\text{J =}\text{1}\text{2}$ and $\text{J =}\text{3}\text{2}$ ground states are presented for ten ions isoelectronic with the chlorine atom. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock technique is used to generate the wave functions and obtain the energy levels. The effect of some correlation with 3d orbitals is noted. The relativistic forms of the electric-dipole operator are used to obtain values of oscillator strength corresponding to the nonrelativistic length and velocity forms.     

A privacy-preserving distributed transfer learning in activity recognition

Telecommunication Systems - Along with the widespread use of smartphones, activity recognition using embedded inertial sensors has intrigued researchers. The learning and employing activity...     

An accurate analysis of the nonlinear power amplifier effects on SC-FDMA signals

Wireless Networks - Single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a multiple access technique in broadband wireless networks which has been adapted by 3GPP for uplink transmission...     

Thermodiffusion‐Assisted Pyroelectrics—Enabling Rapid and Stable Heat and Radiation Sensing

Sensors for monitoring temperature, heat flux, and thermal radiation are essential for applications such as electronic skin. While pyroelectric and thermoelectric effects are suitable candidates as functional elements in such devices, both concepts show individual drawbacks in terms of zero equilibrium signals for pyroelectric materials and small or slow response of thermoelectric materials. Here, these drawbacks are overcome by introducing the concept of thermodiffusion‐assisted pyroelectrics, which combines and enhances the performance of pyroelectric and ionic thermoelectric materials. The presented integrated concept provides both rapid initial response upon heating and stable synergistically enhanced signals upon prolonged exposure to heat stimuli. Likewise, incorporation of plasmonic metasurfaces enables the concept to provide both rapid and stable signals for radiation‐induced heating. The performance of the concept and its working mechanism can be explained by ion–electron interactions at the interface between the pyroelectric and ionic thermoelectric materials.     

制革固体废弃物的吸附特性

分别研究了含铬废革屑和含单宁废革屑对染料和金属离子的吸附特性.结果表明：含铬废革屑对酸性染料和直接染料具有较强的吸附能力,而对碱性染料的吸附能力较弱;含单宁废革屑对Au3+、U6+、Th4+及Hg2+具有较强的吸附能力.含铬废革屑对染料的吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程;含单宁废革屑对Cu2+、U6+、Pb2+和Hg2+的吸附平衡符合Freundlich方程,而对Au3+及Th4+的吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程,因此含单宁废革屑对不同的金属离子可能具有不同的吸附机理.含铬废革屑对染料的吸附动力学以及含单宁废革屑对金属离子的吸附动力学均符合拟二级速度方程.含铬废革屑固定床对染料具有良好的吸附特性,固定床易再生和重复使用.含单宁废革屑固定床对Au3+的吸附量很大,但不易再生;而吸附其他金属离子后则容易再生,而且其吸附性能变化不大.