Native and Engineered Probiotics: Promising Agents against Related Systemic and Intestinal Diseases

Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic balance involving the interaction between the host intestinal mucosa, immune barrier, intestinal microecology, nutrients, and metabolites. Once homeostasis is out of balance, it will increase the risk of intestinal diseases and is also closely associated with some systemic diseases. Probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp.), maintaining the gut homeostasis through direct interaction with the intestine, can also exist as a specific agent to prevent, alleviate, or cure intestinal-related diseases. With genetic engineering technology advancing, probiotics can also show targeted therapeutic properties. The aims of this review are to summarize the roles of potential native and engineered probiotics in oncology, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity, discussing the therapeutic applications of these probiotics.     

某企业不同工种的放射工作人员发生甲状腺结节风险分析

采用职业健康体检资料和问卷形式,利用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型,分析探讨某企业内不同工种的放射工作人员暴露在低剂量电离辐射环境下发生甲状腺结节的风险。结果表明,放射工作人员中以混合射线组甲状腺结节发生风险最高,随着年龄和放射工龄的增加发生风险会增加;性别不同与甲状腺结节发生风险有关。     

Identification,Isolation, and Characterization of Melanocyte Precursor Cells in the Human Limbal Stroma

Given their vital role in the homeostasis of the limbal stem cell niche, limbal melanocytes have emerged as promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a population of melanocyte precursors in the limbal stroma, compared with melanocytes originating from the limbal epithelium, using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with positive (CD117/c-Kit microbeads) or negative (CD326/EpCAM or anti-fibroblast microbeads) selection approaches. Both approaches enabled fast and easy isolation and cultivation of pure limbal epithelial and stromal melanocyte populations, which differed in phenotype and gene expression, but exhibited similar functional properties regarding proliferative potential, pigmentation, and support of clonal growth of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs). In both melanocyte populations, limbus-specific matrix (laminin 511-E8) and soluble factors (LEPC-derived conditioned medium) stimulated melanocyte adhesion, dendrite formation, melanogenesis, and expression of genes involved in UV protection and immune regulation. The findings provided not only a novel protocol for the enrichment of pure melanocyte populations from limbal tissue applying easy-to-use MACS technology, but also identified a population of stromal melanocyte precursors, which may serve as a reservoir for the replacement of damaged epithelial melanocytes and an alternative resource for tissue engineering applications.     

炭黑改性PZN-PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的制备与性能

将导电炭黑掺杂的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)与铌锌锆钛酸铅(PZN-PZT)陶瓷粉体复合,制备0-3型压电复合材料,研究了炭黑添加量对压电复合材料电性能的影响.结果表明,适量的导电炭黑可以明显提高复合材料的极化和压电性能.当炭黑含量为0.3%时,压电复合材料的综合性能最佳,剩余极化强度Pr达到5.37μC·cm-2,矫顽场Ec为57kV·cm-1,介电常数εr为177.2,压电常数d33达到39.7pC/N.     

超高压液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证食用贝类中多种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

建立超高压液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证贻贝、牡蛎、蚌类、扇贝等食用贝类及其制品中3 种天然形式的原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的检测方法。样品中的原多甲藻酸采用乙腈-水体系均质提取,应用改进型QuEChERS技术净化,在乙腈-水（含5 mmol/L醋酸铵和0.1%甲酸）体系经Acquity HSS T3柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）梯度洗脱,实现了3 种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的基线分离。该方法基于电喷雾正离子模式,采用高分辨质谱一级全扫描和数据依赖扫描,对食用贝类及其制品样品中的原多甲藻酸贝类毒素进行检测。3 种贝类毒素的定量限均为10 μg/kg（RSN＞10）;在10～500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R2）均大于0.99。应用该方法对国内外多个地区的贝类产品进行了筛查及确证,其中部分样品检出原多甲藻酸贝类毒素。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便、快捷,适用于食用贝类及其制品中多种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的筛查分析。     

亲水性物质对低糖胡萝卜脯水分活度的影响

研究不同亲水性物质柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸钠和单甘酯对低糖胡萝卜脯水分活度(Aw)的影响。结果表明:水分含量在18%～20%时,其降低水分活度的能力不同,强弱依次为酒石酸>柠檬酸>乳酸钠>单甘酯,浓度越大降低水分活度的能力越强;亲水性物质在复合使用时,降低水分活度能力比其中任一种单一使用时强;通过回归方程分析,得出了柠檬酸+酒石酸的复合配比最好。     

室内绿化的养护与管理

探讨了通常室内环境条件对绿化植物生长发育的影响,提出了相应的室内绿化养护管理的一般方法。     

黄粉虫幼虫粉酶解及体外抗氧化性研究

主要研究了Alcalase蛋白酶水解脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉的工艺,并对水解产物的体外抗氧化能力进行测定.在单因素基础上以还原力为指标设计正交试验得到水解最佳条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.5,加酶量150μL,反应时间100 min.抗氧化试验结果表明,脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉水解液清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和羟自由基的半抑制率(IC_(50))分别为0.45 mg/mL和4.1 mg/mL,分别是VC的IC_(50)值的112.5倍和19.5倍,还原能力是VC的1/100.将水解前后的脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉溶液进行高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)测定,测定结果表明,经Alcalase蛋白酶水解后,溶液中可溶性组分增多.     

纳豆菌的分离、鉴定及产蛋白酶液态发酵条件的优化

利用奶粉豆粕培养基,采用稀释平板分离法,以H/C(透明圈直径/菌落直径)为指标,从日本传统食品纳豆中分离出9株蛋白酶产生菌。将这些初筛菌株进行发酵培养,采用Folin-酚法测定酵上清液的蛋白酶活性,选出蛋白酶活性最高的菌株H2,并依据形态特点和主要生理生化特征,鉴定为芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种(Bacillussubtilis sub.Natto)。最后以蛋白酶活性为指标,考察培养基初始pH值、温度、装液量、接种量和种龄等因素对H2菌株液态发酵的影响。结果表明,该菌株液态发酵产蛋白酶的适宜条件是:培养基初始pH值7、培养温度40℃、装液量40 mL/250 mL、接种量3%、种龄25 h。