We have grown GexSi1-x (0 <x < 0.20,1000–3000Å thick) on small growth areas etched in the Si substrate. Layers were grown using both molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 550° C and rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) at 900° C. Electron beam induced current images (EBIC) (as well as defect etches and transmission electron microscopy) show that 2800Å-thick, MBE Ge0.19Si0.81 on 70-μm-wide mesas have zerothreading and nearly zero misfit dislocations. The Ge0.19Si{0.81} grown on unpatterned, large areas is heavily dislocated. It is also evident from the images that heterogeneous nucleation of misfit dislocations is dominant in this composition range. 1000Å-thick, RTCVD Ge0.14Si0.86 films deposited on 70 μm-wide mesas are also nearly dislocation-free as shown by EBIC, whereas unpatterned areas are more heavily dislocated. Thus, despite the high growth temperatures, only heterogeneous nucleation of misfit dislocations occurs and patterning is still effective. Photoluminescence spectra from arrays of GeSi on Si mesas show that even when the interface dislocation density on the mesas is high, growth on small areas results in a lower dislocation density than growth on large areas. 相似文献
In the context of human-robot and robot-robot interactions, the better cooperation can be achieved by predicting the other party’s subsequent actions based on the current action of the other party. The time duration for adjustment is not sufficient provided by short term forecasting models to robots. A longer duration can by achieved by mid-term forecasting. But the mid-term forecasting models introduce the previous errors into the follow-up forecasting and amplified gradually, eventually invalidating the forecasting. A new mid-term forecasting with error suppression based on restricted Boltzmann machine(RBM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed model can suppress the error amplification by replacing the previous inputs with their features, which are retrieved by a deep belief network(DBN). Furthermore, a new mechanism is proposed to decide whether the forecasting result is accepted or not. The model is evaluated with several datasets. The reported experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Human-robot control interfaces have received increased attention during the past decades for conveniently introducing robot into human daily life. In this paper, a novel Human-machine Interface (HMI) is developed, which contains two components. One is based on the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal, which is from the human upper limb, and the other is based on the Microsoft Kinect sensor. The proposed interface allows the user to control in real time a mobile humanoid robot arm in 3-D space, through upper limb motion estimation by sEMG recordings and Microsoft Kinect sensor. The effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments, including random arm motions in the 3-D space with variable hand speed profiles. 相似文献
Microstructural observations of brittle materials indicated that a variety of microdefect events can be responsible not only for inelastic behaviour, but also for macroscopic crack front irregularity. This irregularity produces an increase in the fracture toughness of the material. In this paper, this irregularity is analysed by fractal geometry in a very simple manner; a fractal model of crack branching is established. Both microscopic and macroscopic analytical results show that the toughness can be raised appreciably as a fractal geometric effect of the irregularity.
Résumé Des observations microscopiques sur des matériaux fragiles ont montré qu'une variété d'évènements à l'échelle du microdéfaut peuvent être responsables non seulement du comportement inélastique, mais aussi de l'irrégularité du front d'une fissure macroscopique. Cette irrégularité provoque un accroissement de la ténacité à la rupture du matériau. Dans cette étude, on analyse de manière très simple cette irrégularité par fractogéométrie (Mandelbrot) et on établit un modèle fractal relatif à une fissure qui se ramifie. Les résultats de l'analyse microscopique et macroscopique montrent qu'un effet fractogéométrique de l'irrégularité du front de fissure est d'accroitre de manière appréciable la ténacité.