Fatty acid composition of spanish shortenings with special emphasis on <Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis> unsaturation content as determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography

A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic procedure was used to analyze 34 edible fats (22 shortenings and 12 vegetable margarines) as neat fats (IR_NF) to determine their total trans fatty acid (TFA) content. The sloping baseline was corrected with a reference spectrum based on a nonprocessed olive oil. The calibration was done using seven partially hydrogenated fats with an individual TFA content previously determined by the combination of gas chromatography (GC) with argentation thin-layer chromatography. Taking into account the different absorptivities of various trans isomers, different correction factors were calculated using the calibration standards (0.83 and 1.71 for single trans bonds in both diethylene and triethylene and for trans, trans-diethylene fatty acids, respectively) and applied to calculate the total TFA of samples. Moreover, the samples were converted to their methyl esters and reanalyzed following the same procedure (IR_FAME). Differences in TFA content of fats were not found when a t-test was used to compare the results obtained by IR_NF vs. either IR_FAME or GC, suggesting that IR of neat fats could be used, thus avoiding the need to prepare sample solutions in organic solvents and to prepare fatty acid methyl esters. The mean TFA content (determined by IR_NF) of a representative group of Spanish shortenings (22 samples) that varied widely in terms of fat sources, processes, and purposes (bakery, sandwiches, ice cream, coatings, chocolate coverings) was 6.55±11.40%, although more than 54% contained <3% of TFA. Fatty acid composition of shortenings by direct GC using a 100-m polar cyanopolysiloxane capillary column indicated that the mean trans-18∶2 isomer content was 0.58%, ranging from 0.9 to 3.4%. Small amounts of trans-18∶3 isomers (<0.3%) were observed in 18 of the 22 shortenings studied; the maximal value was <2%. The mean value of the fraction saturated+TFA of shortenings was high (59.95±12.73%), including two values higher than 83%.     

3,5-二甲基-4-叔丁基-2,6,7-双环硫化磷酸酯的合成

以乙酰丙酮为起始原料,经烷基化,羟甲基化,还原,最后与PSCl3环合,成功合成了1-硫代-1-磷杂-3,5-二甲基-4-叔丁基-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷.目标化合物及部分中间体的结构均通过1H NMR、MS进行了结构确证.     

基于图像邻域特性的高斯噪声去噪

针对传统高斯噪声去噪算法残余噪声较大的不足,根据噪声对图像视觉的影响,提出了基于像素邻域相关性的去噪算法.首先运用邻域像素的连续性判断像素点是否位于平滑区内;其次对非平滑区根据边缘和纹理的局部连续性运用形态学提取图像边缘和纹理进而定位噪声点;最后对平滑区内的噪声运用自适应邻域进行去噪处理,对非平滑区的噪声仅利用非平滑区的邻域进行平滑,实现了对高斯噪声先定位再去噪.经实验结果验证:与传统方法相比,该算法较好地抑制了图像平滑区内噪声,提高了去噪后图像的视觉效果.     

地方饮食文化资源及其开发

地方饮食文化资源是我国悠久饮食文化和丰富旅游资源的重要组成部分,也是当前各地发展饮食业、旅游产业的重要依托。信阳拥有丰富的饮食文化资源,但开发得并不充分,存在诸多问题。开发信阳饮食文化资源的主要策略有：加强对饮食文化资源开发的领导和扶植;大力推进信阳菜发展,弘扬信阳饮食文化;继续举办信阳茶文化节,加快茶文化旅游开发步伐;积极拓展饮食文化资源旅游开发的空间等。     

基于MWSPCA-CBR的智能预警方法研究及其在石化工业中的应用

石油钻井是一项高风险性、耗资巨大的系统工程。为了智能预警石油钻井过程中的异常，缩短非生产时间，降低相关风险，提出一种基于移动窗稀疏主元分析法（MWSPCA）的案例推理（CBR）异常智能预警方法（MWSPCA-CBR）。首先利用MWSPCA算法分析钻井过程中的实时数据，快速定位出异常可能发生的时间，然后使用基于案例推理方法分析异常数据，确定可能的异常类型，并为实时监控专家提供相关异常的处理方法。所提方法应用到石油钻井过程异常预警中，实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性，为钻井过程降低风险成本提供了新思路。     

Preparation of porous thin films of a partially aliphatic polyimide

A thermally labile polymer, poly(propylene glycol), was modified to obtain PPG having an amino end group. PPG was incorporated into a partially aliphatic polyimide based on an alicyclic dianhydride, and this afforded triblock copolymers containing various amounts of PPG blocks. The thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal decomposition of the PPG block in the copolymers was carried out at 240°C under various pressures to obtain porous polyimide films. The pores remained during the thermolysis under a reduced pressure of 710 mmHg, whereas they collapsed under (near) atmospheric pressure. The pore size increased as the amount of the PPG block in the copolymers increased. The dielectric constants of the porous polyimides varied from 2.60 to 2.42 with the original copolymer composition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 532–538, 2006     

自主创新行业自律促进橡胶工业又好又快地发展

进入“十一五”以来,橡胶行业经济运行紧张而有序,协会工作有声有色,实现了圆满开局。一、2006年的圆满开局,为橡胶工业“十一五”实现又好又快发展奠定了坚实的基础     

基于“CDIO”的“1+2”新教学模式研究

“CDIO”教学是将工程思维训练融合在教学各个环节当中,本文采用“CDIO”与“案例教学、启发教学”进行融合,组合成为一个新的“1+2”教学模式,以医学信息工程学院课程作为应用载体,将传统教学升华到工程思维教学、团队教学上,转变教师授课形式,激励和引导学生自主学习,为学生提供思维的空间和意境,帮助学生在学习时发现问题,发现、解决值得解决的问题,掌握计算在问题解决过程中发挥的作用,获得构建自身学科知识体系,终身自我学习的能力,滋生创新能力,达到学科知识与工程思维能力互相促进,共同提高的目的。     

库车山前致密砂岩储层深度伤害后改造措施探究

对深度伤害的致密砂岩储层,先后尝试了酸压、重晶石解堵和加砂压裂3种改造措施。研究表明,酸压改造不能突破深度污染带,不能恢复气井产能;重晶石解堵作业只针对储层的重晶石堵塞有用,但作用能力和范围有限;加砂压裂能突破深度污染带,沟通远端天然裂缝,使气井恢复产能,压裂后日产气20.4×10~4m~3。     

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Particulate pollution has raised serious concerns regarding its potential impacts on human health in developing countries. However, much less attention has been paid to the threat of haze particles to machinery and industry. By employing a state-of-the-art in situ scanning electron microscope compression testing technique, we demonstrate that iron-rich and fly ash haze particles, which account for nearly 70% of the total micron-sized spherical haze particles, are strong enough to generate abrasive damage to most engineering alloys, and therefore can generate significant scratch damage to moving contacting surfaces in high precision machineries. Our finding calls for preventive measures to protect against haze related threat.