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81.
The tetrathionate anion has the potential to oxidise thiols specifically to disulphides; this property has been investigated in this paper from the point of view of using tetrathionate as an anti-setting agent in wool dyebaths. It was found that at pH 3 the addition of tetrathionate actually made the degree of permanent set greater than in its absence; however at pH 5 and pH 7 significant anti-setting benefits were achieved. The reason for the apparently contradictory result at pH 3 was found to be the substantivity and subsequent reactivity of thiosulphate anion for wool – this anion is a product of the reduction of tetrathionate by wool cysteinyl thiol residues. 相似文献
82.
Larry N. Lewis Chris A. Sumpter Mark Davis 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers》1995,5(4):377-390
The Command-Cure concept is defined for a curable formulation as one with long work-like at ambient temperature and rapid cure time at elevated temperature. This concept is explored for a curable silicone system, cured via hydrosilylation. CODMCl2 complexes (COD=1.5-cyclo-octadiene:M=Pt. Pd) are reacted with beta-cyclodextrin (-CD) to make 11 inclusion compounds,M=Pd.2;M=Pt.4. Compounds2 and4 were analyzed by1H NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. Their catalytic ability was evaluated in a model system as well as a polymeric system that gels upon cure. Surprisingly, the Pd analog2 was a good command-cure catalyst whereas the guest compound CODPdCl2,1, was not active in the hydrosilylation reaction. The Pt analog,4, was an effective command-cure catalyst while the corresponding guest. CODPtCl2,3, was too active at low temperature in the hydrosilylation reaction. Additional Pt compounds and one Rh inclusion compound were evaluated as command cure catalysts. These inclusion compounds were: 11 -CD:[CODRhCl]2,5: 11 -CD:CpPtMe3,6 (Cp=cyclopentadienyl): 12 -CD:MeCpPtMe3,7; 12 -CO:CODPtMe2,8. The effectiveness of4 8 was evaluated in a number of silicone systems. 相似文献
83.
Alfred Hermida Seth C. Lewis Rodrigo Zamith 《Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication》2014,19(3):479-499
News sourcing practices are critical as they shape from whom journalists get their information and what information they obtain, mostly from elite sources. This study evaluates whether social media platforms expand the range of actors involved in the news through a quantitative content analysis of the sources cited by NPR's Andy Carvin on Twitter during the Arab Spring. Results show that, on balance, nonelite sources had a greater representation in the content than elite sources. Alternative actors accounted for nearly half of the messages. The study points to the innovative forms of production that can emerge with new communication technologies, with the journalist as a central node trusted to authenticate and interpret news flows on social awareness streams. 相似文献
84.
Jonathon S. Hare Sina Samangooei Paul H. Lewis 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2014,71(3):1215-1248
The ability to handle very large amounts of image data is important for image analysis, indexing and retrieval applications. Sadly, in the literature, scalability aspects are often ignored or glanced over, especially with respect to the intricacies of actual implementation details. In this paper we present a case-study showing how a standard bag-of-visual-words image indexing pipeline can be scaled across a distributed cluster of machines. In order to achieve scalability, we investigate the optimal combination of hybridisations of the MapReduce distributed computational framework which allows the components of the analysis and indexing pipeline to be effectively mapped and run on modern server hardware. We then demonstrate the scalability of the approach practically with a set of image analysis and indexing tools built on top of the Apache Hadoop MapReduce framework. The tools used for our experiments are freely available as open-source software, and the paper fully describes the nuances of their implementation. 相似文献
85.
Stochastic Optimal Design for Unknown Linear Discrete‐Time System Zero‐Sum Games in Input‐Output form Under Communication Constraints 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper, stochastic optimal strategy for unknown linear discrete‐time system quadratic zero‐sum games in input‐output form with communication imperfections such as network‐induced delays and packet losses, otherwise referred to as networked control system (NCS) zero‐sum games, relating to the H∞ optimal control problem is solved in a forward‐in‐time manner. First, the linear discrete‐time zero sum state space representation is transformed into a linear NCS in the state space form after incorporating random delays and packet losses and then into the input‐output form. Subsequently, the stochastic optimal approach, referred to as adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), is introduced which estimates the cost or value function to solve the infinite horizon optimal regulation of unknown linear NCS quadratic zero‐sum games in the presence of communication imperfections. The optimal control and worst case disturbance inputs are derived based on the estimated value function in the absence of state measurements. An update law for tuning the unknown parameters of the value function estimator is derived and Lyapunov theory is used to show that all signals are asymptotically stable (AS) and that the estimated control and disturbance signals converge to optimal control and worst case disturbances, respectively. Simulation results are included to verify the theoretical claims. 相似文献
86.
An investigation has been performed of the cell nucleation and initial growth behaviors in the foam processing of polypropylene (PP) in both the linear and branched forms. These materials were foamed in extrusion with the two blowing agents, CO2 and isopentane. The cell density generally increased with an increased content of the blowing agent, for both CO2 and isopentane. The effect of processing pressure on the cell density was distinct when CO2 was used, whereas no pressure effect was observed in the foam processing with isopentane. The cell morphologies for the two PPs were found to be significantly different. A slightly lower nuclei density was observed in the branched PP foams than in the linear PP foams. However, the phenomenon of cell coalescence was observed much less in the branched PP foams. Most cells in the branched PP foams were closed, whereas in the linear PP foams they were connected to each other. The experimental results indicated that the branched structure played an important role in determining the cell morphologies through its effects on the melt strength and/or melt elasticity. 相似文献
87.
The in vitro incorporation of leucine, isoleucine and pyruvate into lipids was compared and the possibility that leucine might
serve as anin situ precursor to the correspondingiso fatty acids in the rat sciatic nerve was studied. The relative incorporation of14C from leucine into lipids vs. nonlipids was 20%, and the incorporation of label into total lipids from leucine was one-half
that from pyruvate. The incorporation of label from leucine and pyruvate into sterols was nearly equivalent, but the incorporation
of label into all other lipid classes from leucine was less than that from pyruvate, and the incorporation of label from isoleucine
into lipids was much less in all cases. No detectable label from leucine was incorporated into brached chain fatty acids.
It is concluded that leucine may be a substantial in vitro precursor to all major lipids in peripheral nerve, especially sterols.
The possibility and significance of a leucine catabolic pathway in the cytosol in relation to availability of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
CoA for sterol biosynthesis is discussed. 相似文献
88.
L. A. Ehrhart R. Balachandran A. Butkus L. A. Lewis A. Lazzarini Robertson 《Lipids》1971,6(12):895-900
Dogs were maintainedoon a control ration or on a semisynthetic diet, containing 5% cholesterol and 16% hydrogenated coconut
oil, known to induce hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis. Circulating leukocytes isolated from dogs fed the coconut oil containing
diet were shown to incorporate 50% more radioactivity into lipids than control leukocytes when incubated with acetate-1-14C. This increase, expressed as dpm/mg of leukocyte DNA, was not specific for any particular lipid since the distribution of
radioactivity between neutral lipids and phospholipids, as well as among their subfractions, was the same regardless of the
diet fed. The labeling patterns observed suggest that leukocyte fatty acid synthesis from acetate occurs predominantly, and
perhaps exclusively, by the chain elongation pathway. 相似文献
89.
A member of the new series of cationic reactive dyes containing a thioether‐ethylsulphone grouping referred to in Part 1 of this series has been applied to nylon at pH 3–10. The dye is water soluble and shows excellent substantivity for nylon 6.6 when dyed at the boil at pH 8–10. Under alkaline conditions, gradual β‐elimination back to the vinylsulphone dye occurs and covalent bond formation quickly takes place with the fibre; the higher the pH the more rapidly this occurs. Dyeings carried out at pH 10 showed very good brightness and levelling, together with good wash fastness. The light fastness of dyeings at moderate depth was 4–5 on the Blue Wool scale. 相似文献
90.
M. Isabel Osendi Barry A. Bender David Lewis III 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1989,72(6):1049-1054
Mullite-SiC-whisker composites were prepared by powder processing using two commercial SiC whiskers. These composites were prepared by sintering rather than hot-pressing. A mulliteSlC-powder composite and a base line mallite material were also prepared for comparison with the two whisker composite materials. Fracture toughness measurements showed significant enhancement in only one of the whisker composite materials. The microstructure of the four materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assist in the explanation of the mechanical behavior of these composites. The examinations suggested that most of the toughening results from second-phase particles, with only limited toughening from effects associated with whiskers per se. In one case, higher toughness was partially associated with the formation of sialon phase by reaction with the whiskers and the furnace environment. 相似文献