Disperse-phase-controlled mass transfer rates from individual liquid drops suspended in a second liquid phase are measured optically immediately after the drop has been formed by coalescence of two smaller droplets. The net effect on mass transfer of the act of coalescence is determined by comparison to similar measurements made on the initial droplets in the absence of coalescence. The transfer rates immediately after coalescence are high rapidly fall to zero, rebound to an intermediate value and finally decay to the level expected for an undisturbed drop. The net effect on total mass transferred is detrimental in a clean system subject to interfacial instability but appears to be beneficial for contaminated systems or where no surface movements are spontaneously generated. 相似文献
The influence of silica fume on concrete properties represents an important technical research. In general, silica fume tends to improve both mechanical characteristics and durability of concrete. Thus the electrical properties of concrete containing silica fume can be studied to clarify its physical performance during hydration. The electrical conductivity of neat cement, mortar and concrete pastes was measured during setting and hardening. The ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced by different amounts of silica fume by weight. The changes in the electrical conductivity were reported during setting and hardening after gauging with water. The results of this study showed that the electrical conductivity can be used as an indication for the setting characteristics as well as the structural changes of the hardened pastes made with and without silica fume. 相似文献
The response of lentil grown under rainfed conditions to directly applied and residual phosphorus (P) was described by a modified Mitscherlich equation, accounting for the effects of rainfall on (1) potential yield, and (2) the availability of soil-P to the crop. The response of lentil yield to directly applied and residual P was studied in two-course cereal–lentil rotational trials under rainfed conditions in a Mediterranean-type environment. Cereal crops were grown at different P application rates during 4 growing seasons at 3 sites, representing different rainfall zones in northwest Syria. Lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) was grown during 4 seasons at the same sites, each lentil crop following a cereal crop. In 3 out of 4 lentil-growing seasons, additional P was applied to lentil in subplots to compare the residual and direct effects of P application. The initial contents of extractable soil-P (P-Olsen) were low at all sites, in the range of 2–5 ppm P. Under the conditions of the experiments, lentil appeared to benefit slightly more from P applied to the preceding wheat crop (residual P) than from directly applied P. It is shown that the modified Mitscherlich equation could be used as a basis for P fertilizer recommendations for rainfed farming. As for lentil, it was concluded that a single application of P to the wheat crop in a wheat/lentil rotation could reduce the cost of lentil production, without reducing lentil yield. 相似文献
Two published theoretical models are examined and applied to experimental results for absorption and desorption. The system used was CO2/H2O and studies were made for liquid film flow down inclined planes. Experimental results give “Reduced” values of mass ransfer rates.
Interferometric studies give interfacial concentration, penetration and film depths, and take-up of carbon dioxide. In the case of desorption the interferograms are distorted by “deflections.”
All the experimental values for absorption and desorption differ from those calculated from theoretical models.
Desorption is not a mirror image of absorption, and it is approximately 75% of the transfer rate of absorption over a wide operating range.
A comparison is made of the behaviour of static pools and flowing liquid films. 相似文献
With the increasing number of electricity consumers, production, distribution, and consumption problems of produced energy have appeared. This paper proposed an optimization method to reduce the peak demand using smart grid capabilities. In the proposed method, a hybrid Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) with the self-adaptive Differential Evolution (DE) is used, called HGOA. The proposed method takes advantage of the global and local search strategies from Differential Evolution and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm. Experimental results are applied in two scenarios; the first scenario has universal inputs and several appliances. The second scenario has an expanded number of appliances. The results showed that the proposed method (HGOA) got better power scheduling arrangements and better performance than other comparative algorithms using the classical benchmark functions. Moreover, according to the computational time, it runs in constant execution time as the population is increased. The proposed method got 0.26?% enhancement compared to the other methods. Finally, we found that the proposed HGOA always got better results than the original method in the worst cases and the best cases.
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Automated segmentation has an essential role in detecting several diseases, such as skin lesions. In segmentation, the active contour (AC) is an efficient method... 相似文献