Graphene Oxide‐Cyclic R10 Peptide Nuclear Translocation Nanoplatforms for the Surmounting of Multiple‐Drug Resistance

Multidrug resistance resulting from a variety of defensive pathways in cancer has become a global concern with a considerable impact on the mortality associated with the failure of traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, further research and new therapies are required to overcome this challenge. In this work, a cyclic R10 peptide (cR₁₀) is conjugated to polyglycerol‐covered nanographene oxide to engineer a nanoplatform for the surmounting of multidrug resistance. The nuclear translocation of the nanoplatform, facilitated by cR₁₀ peptide, and subsequently, a laser‐triggered release of the loaded doxorubicin result in efficient anticancer activity confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The synthesized nanoplatform with a combination of different features, including active nucleus‐targeting, high‐loading capacity, controlled release of cargo, and photothermal property, provides a new strategy for circumventing multidrug resistant cancers.     

Performance improvement for recommender systems using ontology

Recommender systems have emerged in the e-commerce domain and have been developed to actively recommend appropriate items to online users. The use of recently developed hybrid recommendation systems has helped overcome the main drawbacks of Content-Based Filtering (CBF) and Collaborative Filtering (CF). In hybrid recommendation systems that combine CF and CBF, the CF part uses two methods, including memory- and model-based approaches. Both approaches have some advantages and disadvantages for item recommendation. Sparsity has been one of the main difficulties associated with these approaches, whereas recommendation with high accuracy has been one of the important advantages of the memory-based approach. However, this approach is not scalable for current recommendation systems as their databases include huge numbers of items and users. In contrast, the model-based approach generates recommendations with low accuracy but is scalable for large databases in e-commerce recommender systems. Accordingly, to address this problem and take advantage of both approaches, in this work, we propose a new hybrid recommendation method and evaluate it using a real-world dataset. The aim is to improve efficiency and accuracy by designing a heuristic hybrid recommender method that combines memory-based and model-based approaches. Specifically, we use ontology in the CF part and improve ontology structure by eliminating uniformity of edges of the hierarchical relation between concepts (IS-A relation) in item ontology in the CBF part. Ontology structure is considered for improving accuracy; according to this, a new method for measuring semantic similarity that is more accurate than the traditional methods is presented. This new method can enhance the accuracy of CF and CBF in our method. In addition, the number of searches required to find similar clusters and neighbor users of the target user is decreased significantly using ontology, enhanced clustering and the new proposed algorithm. We evaluate the proposed method using a real-world dataset. The experimental results show that our method is more scalable and accurate than the benchmark k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and model-based recommendation methods.     

Dynamic TDD Fixed Cellular Systems Using Smart and Sectored Antennas

There are many benefits in using time division duplex (TDD) instead of frequency division duplex (FDD) schemes in fixed wireless cellular systems. For example, channel reciprocity for a single carrier frequency used on both uplinks and downlinks will allow easy access to channel state information, reduced complexity of RF design, much higher flexibility in handling dynamic traffic, simpler frequency plan, etc. However, there exists a serious limiting factor in using dynamic TDD (D-TDD) in cellular systems. This is due to a steady interference on an uplink in any cell caused by downlink transmissions in other cells. Simulation results show in D-TDD cellular systems, performance is unacceptable, when an omnidirectional antenna is used at base stations. Simulation results also suggest great potential for smart antennas in achieving substantial performance improvement in fixed D-TDD bandwidth-on-demand wireless systems.     

Additional degree of freedom in phased-MIMO radar signal design using space-time codes

In this paper, an additional degree of freedom in phased multi-input multi-output (phased-MIMO) radar with any arbitrary desired covariance matrix is proposed using space-time codes. By using the proposed method, any desired transmit covariance matrix in MIMO radar (phased-MIMO radars) can be realized by employing fully correlated base waveforms such as phased-array radars and simply extending them to different time slots with predesigned phases and amplitudes. In the proposed method, the transmit covariance matrix depends on the base waveform and space-time codes. For simplicity, a base waveform can be selected arbitrarily (ie, all base waveforms can be fully correlated, similar to phased-array radars). Therefore, any desired covariance matrix can be achieved by using a very simple phased-array structure and space-time code in the transmitter. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it does not require diverse uncorrelated waveforms. This considerably reduces transmitter hardware and software complexity and cost. One the receiver side, multiple signals can be analyzed jointly in the time and space domains to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.     

Spontaneous Formation of Liquid Crystals in Ultralarge Graphene Oxide Dispersions

A novel process is developed to synthesize graphene oxide sheets with an ultralarge size based on a solution‐phase method involving pre‐exfoliation of graphite flakes. Spontaneous formation of lyotropic nematic liquid crystals is identified upon the addition of the ultralarge graphene oxide sheets in water above a critical concentration of about 0.1 wt%. It is the lowest filler content ever reported for the formation of liquid crystals from any colloid, arising mainly from the ultrahigh aspect ratio of the graphene oxide sheets of over 30 000. It is proposed that the self‐assembled brick‐like graphene oxide nanostructure can be applied in many areas, such as energy‐storage devices and nanocomposites with a high degree of orientation.     

Opportunistic interference management: a new approach for multiantenna downlink cellular networks

A new approach for multiantenna broadcast channels in cellular networks based on multiuser diversity concept is introduced. The technique called opportunistic interference management achieves dirty paper coding capacity asymptotically with minimum feedback required. When there are K antennas at the base station with M mobile users in the cell, the proposed technique only requires K integer numbers related to channel state information between mobile users and base station. The encoding and decoding complexity of this scheme is the same as that of point‐to‐point communications, which makes the implementation of this technique easy. An antenna selection scheme is proposed at the base station to reduce the minimum required mobile users significantly at the expense of reasonable increase in feedback. In order to guarantee fairness, a new algorithm is presented that incorporates opportunistic interference management into existing Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) standard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Composite Living Fibers for Creating Tissue Constructs Using Textile Techniques

The fabrication of cell‐laden structures with anisotropic mechanical properties while having a precise control over the distribution of different cell types within the constructs is important for many tissue engineering applications. Automated textile technologies for making fabrics allow simultaneous control over the color pattern and directional mechanical properties. The use of textile techniques in tissue engineering, however, demands the presence of cell‐laden fibers that can withstand the mechanical stresses during the assembly process. Here, the concept of composite living fibers (CLFs) in which a core of load bearing synthetic polymer is coated by a hydrogel layer containing cells or microparticles is introduced. The core thread is drawn sequentially through reservoirs containing a cell‐laden prepolymer and a crosslinking reagent. The thickness of the hydrogel layer increases linearly with to the drawing speed and the prepolymer viscosity. CLFs are fabricated and assembled using regular textile processes including weaving, knitting, braiding, winding, and embroidering, to form cell‐laden structures. Cellular viability and metabolic activity are preserved during CLF fabrication and assembly, demonstrating the feasibility of using these processes for engineering functional 3D tissue constructs.     

An Iterative Receiver for Uplink of Coded MIMO DS-CDMA System Employing Layered Space-Time Transmission

We consider a coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) DS-CDMA system using layered space-time transmission in multipath wireless channels, where space-time signals from multiple antennas of multiple users propagate through rich scattering multipath fading. We propose a receiver employing iterative joint detection and decoding with a reduced-complexity detector using linear minimum mean squared error filtering with a priori information and parallel soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoders. Computer simulation results show that the proposed receiver for multi-user MIMO transmission provides high-spectral efficiency and performance approaching to single-user bound. Furthermore, the reduced-complexity receiver outperforms an iterative soft decision-directed maximal ratio combining (DD-MRC) receiver, RAKE receiver as well as a conventional non-iterative receiver.     

Radio-over-free space optical space division multiplexing system using 3-core photonic crystal fiber mode group multiplexers

Wireless Networks - Radio over free space optics (Ro-FSO) systems have previously relied on the signal intensity, wavelength and polarization for multiplexing data streams in...     

Improved Room Temperature Plasticity of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass by Channel‐Die Compression

In this work, the effect of channel‐die compression (CDC) on the mechanical behavior of the Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 bulk metallic glass is analyzed. The results indicate that CDC can be successfully used as a pre‐deformation process to effectively enhance the room temperature plastic strain ability of metallic glasses. The origin of the improved mechanical properties is most likely due to the creation during CDC of a heterogenous microstructure consisting of hard and soft regions able to hinder the rapid propagation of shear bands.