On "Treatment" in Student Training: Comment.

Comments on Leonard Small's article, "Toward Professional Clinical Psychology" (see record 1964-03434-001). This article has to do with students training to be psychologists and how unless they have been "treated", they cannot do effective therapy. The commentator discusses this issue and suggests that the research-based certainty of the value of psychotherapy is at too low a level of confidence to recommend treatment as a requisite of student training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Schwingfeste Auslegung von Schweiß‐ verbindungen aus der Magnesiumknetlegierung AZ31(ISO‐MgAl3Zn1) mit dem Konzept der fiktiven Ersatzradien von rf = 1,0 mm und 0,05 mm

Fatigue design of welded joints from the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31 (ISO‐MgAl3Zn1) by the local stress concept with the fictitious notch radius of r_f = 1.0 mm and 0.05 mm The investigations were carried out with three different types of MIG‐ and TIG‐welded magnesium joints of the alloy AZ31. The evaluation of the results showed that the local stress concept using the fictitious notch radius of r_f = 1.0 mm can be applied to magnesium welded joints from plates with thicknesses t ≥ 5 mm independently of the weld geometries (fully or partially penetrated butt welds, transversal stiffeners). Design curves are proposed for different stress ratios, i.e. R = ‐1 as well as 0 and 0.5, which allow the consideration of residual stresses as well as load induced mean stresses. The results permit also the suggestion of Δσ = 28 MPa as FAT‐value for the IIW‐Fatigue Design Recommendations. Further, the FAT‐value Δσ = 73 MPa for the fictitious radius of r_f = 0.05 mm to be applied to welded thin magnesium joints is derived, too. These FAT‐values are compared with already known data for steel and aluminium joints. A linear relationship between the FAT‐values and the Young’s modulus is determined.     

THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION

ABSTRACT

The fundamental thermodynamic characteristics of aqueous electrolyte solutions and organic solutions which affect solvent extraction are summarized and the influence of metal complexation and hydration on the distribution ratios is discussed. The thermodynamics of extraction systems, including synergistic systems, is reviewed. The influence of structural aspects of the complexing extractant agents on these thermodynamic parameters is also reviewed.     

Heuristics for rapidly four-coloring large planar graphs

We present several algorithms for rapidly four-coloring large planar graphs and discuss the results of extensive experimentation with over 140 graphs from two distinct classes of randomly generated instances having up to 128,000 vertices. Although the algorithms can potentially require exponential time, the observed running times of our more sophisticated algorithms are linear in the number of vertices over the range of sizes tested. The use of Kempe chaining and backtracking together with a fast heuristic which usually, but not always, resolves impasses gives us hybrid algorithms that: (1) successfully four-color all our test graphs, and (2) in practice run, on average, only twice as slow as the well-known, nonexact, simple to code, (n) saturation algorithm of Brélaz.The work of H. D. Shapiro was performed in part while he was on sabbatical at the Graz University of Technology.     

In vitro and in vivo effects of carrot on human blood platelet aggregation

Carrots are a good source of essential nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolic compounds and polyacetylenes such as falcarinol. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a carrot extract on blood platelet aggregation in vitro and the effect of raw diced or juiced carrots on platelet aggregation in a human study. Carrot extract significantly reduced the platelet aggregation in vitro in blood obtained from healthy donors. In a randomised crossover human study, healthy volunteers consumed either 100 g of freshly diced carrots or 100 mL of freshly juiced carrots (with pulp). There was no significant effect on blood platelet aggregation in the participants at 2, 5, 8 and 24 h after the carrot meal due to wide interindividual variations. Further research is required to understand diet, genetics and lifestyle factors that may impact the physiological effects of falcarinol on platelet aggregation and blood flow.     

Analysis of Membrane Reactors for Integrated Coupling of Oxidative and Thermal Dehydrogenation of Propane

This study presents strategies capable to intensify the thermal dehydrogenation of propane (TDH) using integrated reactor concepts. An inert packed bed membrane reactor for distributed dosing of oxygen to realize the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) was studied and compared to a reactor with catalytically active membrane. The latter concept allows to combine TDH and ODH in one apparatus to overcome the chemical equilibrium by in situ conversion of the by‐product H₂ using O₂ or in a reverse water‐gas shift reaction by CO₂. If CO₂ is used as active sweep gas the reactor offered better performance regarding yield and selectivity. Strategies for further thermal integration are discussed.