A Model Compound Study: The Formation of Colored Metallic Extractive Complexes and Their Effect on the Brightness of Tmp Pulp

Abstract

Flavonoids, such as Quercetin, are the main polyphenol compounds found in extractives. When complexing with transition metal ions, these extractives may induce a significant discoloration to mechanical pulps. In this study, the effect of metallic extractive complexes was investigated using a model compound, Quercetin. It was confirmed that the complexes formed between some metal ions and Quercetin are strongly colored. However, most of the strong absorbance in visible light due to metallic Quercetin complexes, can be eliminated by the addition of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The metal ions studied were Fe(III), Cu(II), Mn(II) and AI(III).     

NanoArrays, The Next Generation Molecular Array Format for High Throughput Proteomics, Diagnostics and Drug Discover.

Biomolecular array technology is an invaluable tool for rapid screening of nucleic acid mixtures. This approach has been tremendously successful both in its breadth of application and its commercial value. Entire genomes, including the human genome, have been screened by molecular array techniques. Arrays are a rapid and now routine method for analysis of expression patterns and their association with physiological states. Such a rapid, high throughput analysis of cellular expression is key to the expansion of our basic knowledge of the relationship between gene expression and organismal function, as well as to the understanding of the genetic component of disease states and the predisposition to disease.Despite the success of array technology for nucleic acid applications, a similar trend for proteins has not occurred. Due, in part, to the difficulties involved in production and labeling of proteins for solid state analysis, solid state arrays of proteins are not widely utilized. Protein function and interaction have been traditionally addressed by the combination of 2D gel electrophoretic separation and mass spectrometry to examine individual protein spots, a slow, tedious and expensive process. Another approach uses in vivo methods for examining protein-protein interactions by the two-hybrid system in yeast and mammalian cells [1]. Although the two-hybrid system has shown some success in finding new interaction between proteins in important cellular pathways, it is far more difficult, costly and time consuming than the solid state methods used for nucleic acids.BioForce Laboratory, Inc., has developed a solid state method for examining the interaction between a wide range of molecules in an array format. This technology involves several key technological innovations.     

Homosexual threat, negative attitudes toward masturbation, sex guilt, and males' sexual and affective reactions to explicit sexual films.

Subjective sexual arousal and affective responses of 215 undergraduate males to films of masturbatory, homosexual, and heterosexual behavior were studied as a function of personality differences in negative attitudes toward masturbation, homosexual threat, and sex guilt. The film of heterosexual behavior elicited more subjective sexual arousal and less disgust, anger, shame, depression, and guilt than did the films of male masturbation and homosexuality. The film of homosexuality elicited both more sexual arousal and more disgust, anger, shame, and guilt than did the film of masturbation. The personality inventories (e.g., Mosher Forced-Choice Guilt Inventory, Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory) predicted sexual arousal and affective reactions, but the evidence was better for convergent than for discriminant validity. A promising new measure of homosexual threat (Homosexual Threat Inventory) was constructed that was predictive of heterosexual–homosexual orientation and reactions to the films. The concept of homosexual threat is differentiated from the concepts of fear of homosexuals, homosexual panic, and homosexual prejudice. (36 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alcohol policy and the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving: the paths not taken

The Report of the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driving represents a major federal response to the extraordinary success of a grassroots movement to combat drunk driving. The Report, despite the wide support and publicity that it generated, is seriously flawed. It relies primarily on strategies that are directed at individual behavior change--e.g. education, deterrence, treatment, and publicity campaigns. Research shows that these strategies, standing alone, have only a minimal long-term impact on the drunk driving problem. The Report fails to consider important new research on environmental factors affecting drunk driving, notably alcohol availability, price and tax policies, server intervention programs, alcohol advertising and transportation policies. These environmental strategies are a critical part of a comprehensive prevention policy and can greatly enhance the individual-based strategies relied on in the Commission Report.     

Females' affective responses to reading erotic literature.

The affective states of sexual arousal, guilt, anxiety, and 11 Nowlis mood factors were studied in 72 college females before and after reading either an erotic or an academically oriented literary passage, with a female E either present or absent, and as a function of the personality disposition of sex guilt. Ss who read the erotic passage showed a significant increase in sexual arousal. High sex guilt Ss significantly increased their affective state of guilt when they read the erotic passage in comparison to the Ss in all of the other cells. Anxiety increased as a function of reading the erotic passage in the presence of E. Conceptual distinctions between sexual behavior and sexual arousal, between guilt as personality disposition and as state, and between affective states of fear and guilt are discussed. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EEG and MEG: forward solutions for inverse methods

A solution of the forward problem is an important component of any method for computing the spatio-temporal activity of the neural sources of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data. The forward problem involves computing the scalp potentials or external magnetic field at a finite set of sensor locations for a putative source configuration. We present a unified treatment of analytical and numerical solutions of the forward problem in a form suitable for use in inverse methods. This formulation is achieved through factorization of the lead field into the product of the moment of the elemental current dipole source with a "kernel matrix" that depends on the head geometry and source and sensor locations, and a "sensor matrix" that models sensor orientation and gradiometer effects in MEG and differential measurements in EEG. Using this formulation and a recently developed approximation formula for EEG, based on the "Berg parameters," we present novel reformulations of the basic EEG and MEG kernels that dispel the myth that EEG is inherently more complicated to calculate than MEG. We also present novel investigations of different boundary element methods (BEM's) and present evidence that improvements over currently published BEM methods can be realized using alternative error-weighting methods. Explicit expressions for the matrix kernels for MEG and EEG for spherical and realistic head geometries are included.