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1.
The available surgical and non-surgical therapy options for treatment of gallstone disease are presented. Conventional cholecystectomy is regarded as standard therapy of symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Other modes of therapy may be indicated under certain circumstances, depending on the results of imaging procedures. In this context conventional X-ray examination, oral and intravenous cholecystography, sonography, computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography/cholecystography, and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed and their influence on therapeutic decisions is explained. 相似文献
2.
3.
Rasha A. Abdulla 《Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication》2007,12(3):1063-1081
This study analyzed the contents of three of the most popular Arabic-language online message boards regarding the attacks of September 11, 2001 on the United States. Although terrorists claimed that the attacks were committed in the name of Islam, those who posted messages on all three forums rejected this claim. More than 43% of the messages condemned the attacks as a criminal act of terrorism that contradicts the core teachings of Islam. Some 30% saw some justification behind the attacks, even if they felt sorry for the victims and their families. However, those participants viewed the attacks as a political, rather than a religious, issue. 相似文献
4.
Abdulla A. Shaikh S. M. Javaid Zaidi 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1993,56(2):139-145
The absorption and reaction of oxygen in aqueous alkaline solutions of sodium dithionite has been experimentally investigated in a novel gas-liquid contactor. The novel gas-lift bubble column contactor was used to study the kinetics over wide ranges of reactant concentrations, temperature, and pH. The oxygen-sodium dithionite reaction was found to be first-order with respect to dithionite in the range of dithionite concentration < 0.1 M, and second-order in the range of dithionite concentration > 0.1 M. The reaction with respect to oxygen was found to be zero-order for all dithionite concentrations. These results and experimental investigations of the effect of solution alkalinity and temperature on the reaction rate are consistent with previous findings obtained in different gas-liquid contactors. The results thus confirm the feasibility of using the gas-lift bubble column for the kinetics of gas-liquid reactions. 相似文献
5.
Effect of Initial Annealing Temperature on Microstructural Development and Microhardness in High‐Purity Copper Processed by High‐Pressure Torsion 下载免费PDF全文
Saleh N. Alhajeri Abdulla I. Almazrouee Khaled J. Al‐Fadhalah Terence G. Langdon 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(1)
The effect of the initial annealing temperature on the evolution of microstructure and microhardness in high purity OFHC Cu is investigated after processing by HPT. Disks of Cu are annealed for 1 h at two different annealing temperatures, 400 and 800 °C, and then processed by HPT at room temperature under a pressure of 6.0 GPa for 1/4, 1/2, 1, 5, and 10 turns. Samples are stored for 6 months after HPT processing to examine the self‐annealing effects. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements are recorded for each disk at three positions: center, mid‐radius, and near edge. Microhardness measurements are also recorded along the diameters of each disk. Both alloys show rapid hardening and then strain softening in the very early stages of straining due to self‐annealing with a clear delay in the onset of softening in the alloy initially annealed at 800 °C. This delay is due to the relatively larger initial grain size compared to the alloy initially annealed at 400 °C. The final microstructures consist of homogeneous fine grains having average sizes of ≈0.28 and ≈0.34 µm for the alloys initially annealed at 400 and 800 °C, respectively. A new model is proposed to describe the behavior of the hardness evolution by HPT in high purity OFHC Cu. 相似文献
6.
Jiahui Sun Wenjia Liu Yulong Li Azarmidokht Gholamipour-Shirazi Aynur Abdulla Xianting Ding 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2017,21(7):125
A low-cost, convenient and precise drug combination screening microfluidic platform is developed, in which cell culture chambers designed with micropillars integrate with three laminar flow diffusion channels. This platform has several distinct features, including minimum shear stress on cells, biocompatibility, optimum concentration distribution and automatic combinatorial gradient generation, which can potentially speed up the discovery of an effective drug combination for cancer ablations. The presented device can generate two-drug combination gradients at the optimum flow rate of 90 μL/h and can be applied to identify the optimal combination of two clinically relevant chemotherapy drugs. For demonstration, paclitaxel at 0.77 × 10?3 mg/mL and cisplatin at 0.23 × 10?4 mg/mL were studied against lung cancer cells (A549). This microfluidic device has the potential to provide a precise and robust screening for anticancer combinational drugs practiced in clinics. 相似文献
7.
This article proposes several two-timescale simulation-based actor-critic algorithms for solution of infinite horizon Markov
Decision Processes with finite state-space under the average cost criterion. Two of the algorithms are for the compact (non-discrete)
action setting while the rest are for finite-action spaces. On the slower timescale, all the algorithms perform a gradient
search over corresponding policy spaces using two different Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) gradient
estimates. On the faster timescale, the differential cost function corresponding to a given stationary policy is updated and
an additional averaging is performed for enhanced performance. A proof of convergence to a locally optimal policy is presented.
Next, we discuss a memory efficient implementation that uses a feature-based representation of the state-space and performs
TD(0) learning along the faster timescale. The TD(0) algorithm does not follow an on-line sampling of states but is observed
to do well on our setting. Numerical experiments on a problem of rate based flow control are presented using the proposed
algorithms. We consider here the model of a single bottleneck node in the continuous time queueing framework. We show performance
comparisons of our algorithms with the two-timescale actor-critic algorithms of Konda and Borkar (1999) and Bhatnagar and Kumar (2004). Our algorithms exhibit more than an order of magnitude better performance over those of Konda and Borkar (1999).
相似文献
Shalabh Bhatnagar (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Recharge dams in Oman detain floods to recharge groundwater. The impact of sedimentation on recharge at Wadi Sahalanowt Recharge Dam, in Salalah, Oman, was evaluated using field data and numerical modelling. Analysis of the thickness of sediments after flood events shows that maximum depositions were at the same locations after each event, coinciding with the lowest positions in the wadi. Numerical modelling suggests that the current practice of periodic removal of sediments will restore the storage capacity of the reservoir, but that ploughing or raking of the underlying native sedimentary rocks could be required to significantly improve infiltration rates. 相似文献
9.
Simulating perfect channels with probabilistic lossy channels 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Parosh Abdulla Christel Baier S. Purushothaman Iyer Bengt Jonsson 《Information and Computation》2005,197(1-2):22-40
We consider the problem of deciding whether an infinite-state system (expressed as a Markov chain) satisfies a correctness property with probability 1. This problem is, of course, undecidable for general infinite-state systems. We focus our attention on the model of probabilistic lossy channel systems consisting of finite-state processes that communicate over unbounded lossy FIFO channels. Abdulla and Jonsson have shown that safety properties are decidable while progress properties are undecidable for non-probabilistic lossy channel systems. Under assumptions of “sufficiently high” probability of loss, Baier and Engelen have shown how to check whether a property holds of probabilistic lossy channel system with probability 1. In this paper, we consider a model of probabilistic lossy channel systems, where messages can be lost only during send transitions. In contrast to the model of Baier and Engelen, once a message is successfully sent to channel, it can only be removed through a transition which receives the message. We show that checking whether safety properties hold with probability 1 is undecidable for this model. Our proof depends upon simulating a perfect channel, with a high degree of confidence, using lossy channels. 相似文献
10.
Amin ZA Abdulla MA Ali HM Alshawsh MA Qadir SW 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(9):1874-1877
BACKGROUND: Recently much attention has been paid to biologically active plants because of their low production cost and fewer adverse effects compared with chemical drugs. In the present investigation the bioactivity of Phyllanthus niruri ethanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS: The ethanol extract of P. niruri showed a high level of flavonoid content (123.9 ± 0.002 mg g?1), while the aqueous extract showed the highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; IC506.85 ± 1.80 µmol L?1) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 46.44 ± 0.53 µmol L?1) free radical scavenging activities with high phenol content (376 ± 0.02 mg g?1) and elevated levels of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP; 23 883 ± 0.019 mmol g?1) with excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm inhibition zone) and Streptococcus agalactiae (12 mm inhibition zone), respectively, in addition to the best immune activation potential of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (450.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It is clear from our results that both extracts of P. niruri has excellent bioactivity roles via elevated levels of antibacterial, antioxidant and percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, which could lead to the development of medications for clinical use. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献