Epoxidized 10-undecenoic acid triglyceride, an experimental seed oil derivative that has a terminal epoxy group on each of
the three acyl glyceride segments, has been found to have good reactivity with amine curatives and allows room temperature
cures to be obtained. Coatings based on epoxidized 10-undercenoic acid triglyceride have also shown excellent UV stability.
As an example, coatings samples placed in a QUVA chamber exhibit no loss in gloss after 3000 hr of a cycled exposure to high
intensity UV lamps and moisture at temperatures of 50–60°C. In comparison, coatings based on standard liquid epoxy resins
(LERs) and commercially available hydrogenated LERs lose gloss due to chalking/decomposition within 200–800 hr.
Presented at the 81 st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, November 12–14, 2003, in Philadelphia,
PA. 相似文献
The pulsed arc discharge to the surface of wastewater was applied to the degradation of a textile azo dye (Acid Red 27). A
high-voltage electrode (discharging electrode) was vertically placed above the surface of the wastewater while the wastewater
itself was grounded. The pulsed arc discharge occurred between the tip of the discharging electrode and the surface of the
wastewater, producing various oxidative species. Oxygen was used as the working gas instead of air to prevent nitrogen oxides
from forming. The effect of several parameters on the chromaticity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was examined.
The results obtained showed that the chromaticity of the wastewater was completely removed by this process and the COD also
decreased significantly. It has been found that ozone formed in the gas phase mainly affects the removal of the dye. The contribution
of other effects such as ultraviolet light emission and OH radical formation during the arc discharge to the degradation of
the dye was found to be less than 15%. For the present reactor system, the optimum pH, pulse repetition rate and agitation
speed were found to be 3.0, 110 Hz and 300 rpm, respectively. 相似文献
The rapidly increasing population and associated quest for food and feed in China has led to increased soil cultivation and
nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, and as a consequence to increased wind erosion and unbalanced crop nutrition. In the study presented
here, we explored the long-term effects of various combinations of maize stover, cattle manure and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus
(P) fertilizer applications on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and nutrient and water use efficiencies under reduced tillage practices. In a companion paper, we present the effects
on nutrient balances and soil fertility characteristics. The ongoing factorial field trial was conducted at Shouyang Dryland
Farming Experimental Station in northern China from 1993 onwards. The incomplete, determinant-optimal design comprised 12
treatments, including a control treatment, in duplicate. Grain yields and N, P, and potassium (K) uptakes and N, P and K use
efficiencies were greatly influenced by the amount of rain during the growing season (GSR), and by soil water at sowing (SWS).
There were highly significant interactions between GSR and added stover and manure, expressed in complex annual variations
in grain yield and N, P and K use efficiencies. Annual mean grain yields ranged from 3,000 kg ha−1 to 10,000 kg ha−1 and treatment mean yields from 4,500 kg ha−1 to 7,000 kg ha−1. Balanced combination of stover (3,000–6,000 kg), manure (1,500–6,000 kg) and N fertilizer (105 kg) gave the highest yield.
Stover and manure were important for supplying K, but the effects differed greatly between years. Overall mean N recovery
efficiency (NRE) ranged from 28% to 54%, depending on N source. NRE in wet years ranged from 50% to 90%. In conclusion, balanced
combinations of stover, manure and NP fertilizer gave the highest yield and NRE. Reduced tillage with adding stover and manure
in autumn prior to ploughing is effective in minimizing labor requirement and wind erosion. The potentials of split applications
of N fertilizer, targeted to the need of the growing crop (response farming), should be explored to further increase the N
use efficiency. 相似文献
−Purification of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (91.9% purity) by solvent extraction was studied. The extraction of impurities present
in crude 2-MBT (e.g. benzothiazole, sulfides and sulfur containing compounds) was carried out at temperatures between 70-180°C
using various solvents and their mixtures of different polarity. The highest purity of 2-MBT, above 99% was obtained using
nitrobenzene, toluene and ethanol, even at a concentration of 2-MBT above 50 wt%. Increasing temperature and decreasing concentration
of the raw material have a positive influence on the purification process. A comparable efficiency of purification was observed
also with mixed solvents, (toluene with ethanol, acetone and aniline) possessing the same polarities. A correlation between
the polarity indexes (PI) of mixed solvents and experimentally obtained purity of 2-MBT was found. The highest purity of 2-MBT
provides extraction of the raw material with mixed solvents having PI 3.8-4.4. 相似文献
Modification of chitosan by grafting of vinyl butyrate was carried out in homogeneous phase using potassium persulfate as
redox initator and 1.5% acetic acid as solvent. The percent grafting and grafting efficiency were analysed and the high grafting
efficiency up to 94% was observed. The effects of reaction variables such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration,
temperature and reaction time were investigated. It was observed that the solubility of chitosan was markedly reduced after
grafting with vinyl butyrate. The grafted product is insoluble in common organic solvents as well in dilute organic and inorganic
acids. Characterization of the graft copolymers were carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technics. Characteristic signal of carbonyl
group was observed at 1,731 cm−1 which belongs to the poly vinyl butyrate segments in the graft copolymer. The melting transition of the chitosan main chain
in the copolymer shifted to 124°C from its original value 101°C. In addition to these, we have also studied topology of the
graft copolymer and the SEM micrograph showed continuous homogenous matrix which means there is no phase separation. 相似文献
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Present era is marked by exponential growth in transfer of multimedia data through internet. Most of the Internet-of-Things(IoT) applications send images to... 相似文献
The development of digital technology is utilized by people to capture and share video frames. At present, rather than capturing images, people are interested in recording video footage for exploring information. Here, retrieval of video from large databases is challenging due to the continuous frame count. To overcome these challenges associated with the retrieval of video from available databases, this research proposed a likelihood-based regression approach for video processing. To improve the retrieval accuracy of video sequences, the proposed method utilizes a likelihood estimation technique integrated with a regression model. The likelihood estimate measures the pixel level roughly for estimating the pixel range, after which the regression approach measures the pixel level for transforming certainly blurred and unwanted pixels. In the proposed likelihood regression approach, the video is converted into a video frame and stored in a database. Query frames are taken into account by the generated database depending on the features which are used for a given video to be retrieved. The significant video retrieval performance obtained from the simulation results for the proposed likelihood-based regression model shows that the proposed model performs well over the other state-of-the-art techniques.
Multimedia Tools and Applications - A new cryptographic model is proposed incorporating intertwining logistic map based confusion process and two dimensional Brownian Motion based diffusion... 相似文献
Multimedia Tools and Applications - In today’s Internet era, group communications in multimedia applications are becoming more and more popular. The issues of controlling illegal access to... 相似文献
The human liver disorder is a genetic problem due to the habituality of alcohol or effect by the virus. It can lead to liver failure or liver cancer, if not been detected in initial stage. The aim of the proposed method is to detect the liver disorder in initial stage using liver function test dataset. The problem with many real-world datasets including liver disease diagnosis data is class imbalanced. The word imbalance refers to the conditions that the number of observations belongs to one class having more or less than the other class(es). Traditional K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN) or Fuzzy KNN classifier does not work well on the imbalanced dataset because they treat the neighbor equally. The weighted variant of Fuzzy KNN assign a large weight for the neighbor belongs to the minority class data and relatively small weight for the neighbor belongs to the majority class to resolve the issues with data imbalance. In this paper, Variable- Neighbor Weighted Fuzzy K Nearest Neighbor Approach (Variable-NWFKNN) is proposed, which is an improved variant of Fuzzy-NWKNN. The proposed Variable-NWFKNN method is implemented on three real-world imbalance liver function test datasets BUPA, ILPD from UCI and MPRLPD. The Variable-NWFKNN is compared with existing NWKNN and Fuzzy-NWKKNN methods and found accuracy 73.91% (BUPA Dataset), 77.59% (ILPD Dataset) and 87.01% (MPRLPD Dataset). Further, TL_RUS method is used for preprocessing and it improved the accuracy as 78.46% (BUPA Dataset), 78.46% (ILPD Dataset) and 95.79% (MPRLPD Dataset).