全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1233篇 |
免费 | 84篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 9篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 273篇 |
金属工艺 | 20篇 |
机械仪表 | 45篇 |
建筑科学 | 61篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 93篇 |
轻工业 | 120篇 |
水利工程 | 15篇 |
石油天然气 | 5篇 |
无线电 | 113篇 |
一般工业技术 | 218篇 |
冶金工业 | 69篇 |
原子能技术 | 15篇 |
自动化技术 | 259篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 63篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 65篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 63篇 |
2013年 | 120篇 |
2012年 | 73篇 |
2011年 | 100篇 |
2010年 | 61篇 |
2009年 | 134篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 29篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1319条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Mustafa Yıldırım Murat Tonaroğlu Murat E. Selçuk Cem Akgüner 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2013,72(3-4):413-420
For over 50 years, the Upper Oligocene–Upper Miocene sedimentary sequence in Istanbul has been considered to be formed of two distinct sequences separated by an unconformity. However, recent field observations and an analysis of numerous borehole data indicate the Gürp?nar, Çukurçe?me and Güngören Formations are in fact a single sequence of alternating clay–sand/sandstone beds/lenses, here named the Avc?lar Formation. The Bak?rköy Formation, which is typically composed of carbonate rocks, conformably overlies the Avc?lar Formation. The paper provides the geotechnical parameters of the units within the Avc?lar Formation which it is hoped will facilitate selecting suitable geotechnical and engineering geological parameters to represent the deposits and minimize errors in the interpretation/evaluation of in-situ conditions. 相似文献
62.
Tan Fırat Eyüboğlu Murat Türkün Necdet Erdilek Mutlu Özcan 《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2016,30(14):1574-1584
This study evaluated the long-term microleakage of access cavities conditioned with phosphoric acid and deproteinizing agents for root-canal-treated teeth using fluid filtration and microscopical analysis. Occlusal surfaces of extracted human mandibular premolars (N = 90) were removed leaving a 4 mm coronal length from the cemento-enamel junction. After root canal treatment, the specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 21) and the remaining teeth were used for positive control group (n = 6): SB: 35% H3PO4 + Adper Single Bond 2; SSB: 35% H3PO4 + 5.25% NaOCl + 10% Sodium ascorbate (C6H7NaO6) + Adper Single Bond 2; XP: 35% H3PO4+XP Bond; SXP: 35% H3PO4+5.25% NaOCl + 10% Sodium ascorbate + XP Bond. All cavities were restored with a resin composite (Filtek Z250). After removing the root filling from the apical side, teeth were subjected to fluid filtration test for 1 week, 6 and 12 months followed by ×2500 thermocycling after 1st week and 6th months each. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnet T3 tests (α = 0.05). SEM analyses were carried out after each microleakage evaluation in two random teeth from all groups. Microleakage values in groups SB and XP presented no significant difference in any of the evaluated period (p > 0.05). Microleakage results of SXP (0.01665) group showed significant difference compared to XP (0.03377) and SB (0.03049) groups after 12 months. SSB group (0.00901) showed significantly less microleakage among all other groups (0.01665–0.03377) (p < 0.05). Prior to endodontic treatment, in access cavities, acid etching with 35% H3PO4 followed by the application of NaOCl and sodium ascorbate completely destroyed the collagen layer, reducing the microleakage and resin–dentin interface degradation up to 12 months. 相似文献
63.
Polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multi-walled carbon nanotube and their nanocomposites P(EDOT-co-Py)/multi-walled carbon nanotube and P(EDOT-co-Py)/copper (II) oxide, (CuO) in the initial feed ratio of [EDOT]0/[Py]0 = 1/5 were electrosynthesized on glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetric method. Their characterizations were performed by cyclic voltammetric, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the first report on polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube, PEDOT/multi-walled carbon nanotube, P(EDOT-co-Py)/multi-walled carbon nanotube and P(EDOT-co-Py)/CuO nanocomposite films were comparatively examined in 0.1 M NaClO4/CH3CN and in 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions. The highest specific capacitance for PEDOT/multi-walled carbon nanotube and polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite films were obtained as Csp = 306 mF × cm?2 for 3% multi-walled carbon nanotube and Csp = 804 mF × cm?2 for 1% multi-walled carbon nanotube, respectively. The highest specific capacitances were obtained as Csp = 27.40 mF × cm?2 and Csp = 26.90 mF × cm?2 for P(EDOT-co-Py)/multi-walled carbon nanotube includes the wt percent of 1% multi-walled carbon nanotube and P(EDOT-co-Py)/CuO includes the wt percent of 3% CuO, respectively. The Csp of P(EDOT-co-Py)/CNT composite films were calculated as 9.43 and 11.49 mF × cm?2 for 3 and 5% multi-walled carbon nanotube, respectively. In addition, The EIS results were simulated with the equivalent circuit model of Rs(Cdl1(R1(QR2)))(Cdl2R3). 相似文献
64.
Synthesis,characterization and,swelling behavior of semi‐IPN nanocomposite hydrogels of alginate with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) crosslinked by nanoclay
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《应用聚合物科学杂志》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
pH and temperature responsive nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized with sodium alginate (NaAlg), N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and nanoclay. The structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and swelling and deswelling behaviors of the hydrogels were studied. The NaAlgm/PNIPA/Clayn hydrogels revealed a highly porous structure in which the pore sizes decreased and the amount of pores increased with increasing the nanoclay content in the hydrogels. PNIPA retained its own characteristics regardless of the amount of NaAlg and nanoclay. The effect of pH and nanoclay content on the swelling and effect of temperature on the deswelling behavior were investigated. The equilibrium swelling ratios of the nanocomposite hydrogels increased with increasing the pH from 2 to 6. The maximum swelling was attained at pH 6. Deswelling increased with increasing the nanoclay content in the hydrogels. The hydrogels were found to be pH and temperature responsive. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43222. 相似文献
65.
Novel colloidal nanofiber electrolytes from PVA‐organoclay/poly(MA‐alt‐MVE), and their NaOH and Ag‐carrying polymer complexes
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Polymer Engineering and Science》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Murat Şimşek Zakir M. O. Rzayev Selim Acar Bahtiyar Salamov Ulviya Bunyatova 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2016,56(2):204-213
Novel multifunctional polymer nanofiber electrolytes with covalence crosslinked structures from various solution blends of reactive intercalated poly(vinyl alcohol)/octadecylamine montmorillonite (as a matrix polymer), poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐methyl vinyl ether) (as a partner polymer) and their NaOH‐absorbing and Ag‐carrying polymer complexes were fabricated via electrospinning. Chemical, physical, morphological, and electrical properties of nanofiber structures were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and electrical analysis methods. Ag precursors in fiber composites significantly improved phase separation processing, fiber morphologies, diameter distributions, and electrical properties of the fibers. In situ generation of Ag nanoparticles and their distribution on nanofiber surfaces during fiber formation occurred via complex formation between silver cations and electronegative functional groups from both matrix and partner polymers as stabilizing/reducing agents. Electrical resistance and conductivity strongly depended on matrix/partner polymer ratios and absorption time of NaOH solution on nanofibers. Addition of NaOH changed the electrical properties of fiber structures from almost dielectric state to excellent conductivity form. The fabricated unique nanofiber electrolytes are promising candidates for applications in power and fuel cell nanotechnology, electrochemical, and bioengineering processes as reactive semiconductive platforms. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:204–213, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
66.
该文提出了一种新的描述图像纹理信息的复杂度直方图特征,实验结果表明该特征用于图像检索可以取得较好的检索效果。文章同时将该特征与图像色彩直方图组合特征用于图像检索,实验结果证实使用组合特征可以得到更高的检索效率。 相似文献
67.
There has been a great interest in research towards elastomers and their composites with an attempt to obtain the desired biological and mechanical response to scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering. Composites made of ceramic-thermoplastic mixtures have been shown success to deliver the inorganic component while fail to provide replacement of an elastic protein, that is, collagen, of the target bone tissue. Thus, in order to match up with the inherent elasticity of the native tissue, it is proposed an alternative to well-known thermoplastic-containing matrices by using a poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS)–beta-tricalcium phosphate elastomeric composite to offer flexibility and mechanical integrity. This study reports for the first time a successful extrusion of PGS containing biodegradable composites with shape-memory feature. The resulting structures are physically and chemically characterized. In vitro cell culture performance of the obtained materials is investigated by using an MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast cell line. The materials obtained in this study can be shaped into the desired size and various forms via temperature stimuli. Resulting materials have been proposed for craniofacial tissue engineering as a bone filler in which surgeons need to shape biomaterials during the surgical procedure due to the complex geometry of the bones. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48689. 相似文献
68.
Raman Spectroscopic Barcode Use for Differentiation of Vegetable Oils and Determination of Their Major Fatty Acid Composition
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the American Oil Chemists](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Serap Durakli Velioglu Elif Ercioglu H. Tumay Temiz H. Murat Velioglu Ali Topcu Ismail H. Boyaci 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2016,93(5):627-635
In this study, differentiation of vegetable oils and determination of their major fatty acid (FA) composition were performed using Raman spectral barcoding approach. Samples from seven different sources (sunflower, corn, olive, canola, mustard, soybean and palm) were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Second derivative of the spectral data was utilized to generate unique barcodes of oils. Chemometric analyses, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) methods were used for data analysis. PCA was applied for classification of the samples according to the differences in their levels arising from their barcode data. A successful differentiation based on second derivative barcodes of Raman spectra (2D‐BRS) of vegetable oils was obtained. In addition, PLS method was applied on 2D‐BRS in order to determine the major FA composition of these samples. Coefficient of determination values for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α‐linolenic, cis‐11 eicosenoic, erucic and nervonic acids were in the range of 0.970–0.989. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were found to be satisfactory (0.09–8.09 and 0.30–26.95 % in oil) for these fatty acids . Advantages of both chemometric analysis and spectral barcoding approach have been utilized in the present study. Taking the second derivative of the Raman spectra has minimized background variability and sensitivity to intensity fluctuations. Spectral conversion to the barcodes has further increased the quality of information obtained from Raman spectra and also made it possible to improve the visualization of the data. Converting Raman spectra of oils into barcodes enables simpler presentation of the valuable information, and still allows further analysis such as classification of vegetable oils and prediction of their major fatty acids with high accuracy. 相似文献
69.
Xudong Feng Darrell Alec Patterson Murat Balaban Emma Anna Carolina Emanuelsson 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2013
Optimal loading and operating conditions for a new, superior immobilization of amano lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on woolen cloth were determined. The optimal enzyme loading was 46.8 mg g dry cloth−1 with activity of 200 U. A batch reactor was used to characterize process conditions important to industrial application of the wool immobilized lipase. The optimal pH for immobilized lipase in tributyrin hydrolysis was 7, slightly lower than that of free lipase (pH 8). The optimal temperature for both free and immobilized lipase was 45 °C. The immobilized lipase was more stable to reuse than some other lipase immobilizations, maintaining 85% of its activity after 6 long term runs and 75.8% of the original activity after storage of 40 weeks at 4 °C. The thermal stability of lipase was improved by 2.4 times after immobilization. The thermal deactivation rate of immobilized lipase followed the Arrhenius law with Ed = 199 kJ mol−1. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of the lipase increased from 1.63 mM to 4.48 mM after immobilization. The immobilized lipase was also successfully applied for tributyrin hydrolysis in a novel enzyme process intensification technology – the spinning cloth disc reactor (SCDR): conversion increased by around 13% under similar conditions compared to a conventional batch stirred tank reactor. The SCDR is therefore key to exploiting the advantages of the wool immobilized lipase developed in this work. 相似文献
70.
Thompson seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera) were pretreated in potassium carbonate and ethyl oleate solutions for 1, 2, and 3 min at 30, 40, 50, and 60°C and dried in a convective air dryer at 60°C. The effect of dipping time and solution temperature on drying rate and color kinetics were investigated. Grapes dipped into the solution at 60°C for 2 and 3 min had the fastest drying rate. Among the seven semi theoretical models compared, the Midilli equation best described the drying curves of grapes for all dipping pretreatments. Color data were obtained using a machine vision system in CIE L*a*b* color space. Regardless of the dipping time and temperature applied, all raisins had varying degrees of brown coloring. At all dipping times and temperatures the highest R 2 value was obtained for a* values, which followed zero-order reaction kinetics during drying. 相似文献