Equipment for Testing Sheet Structural Materials under Biaxial Tension. Part 2. Testing by Biaxial Loading in the Plane of the Sheet

We analyze specific features of the design of equipment used for mechanical testing of sheet structural materials under the conditions of biaxial static, cyclic, or dynamic loading. We propose original solutions of the problems related to the fatigue testing of crosslike specimens performed without using complex hydraulic systems and their dynamic testing carried out by using very simple testing machines for uniaxial tension–compression.     

Analytical Calculation of Large-Scale Deflection of Pulse-Loaded Elliptic Plates

Large deflections of pulse-loaded elliptic and round plates made of hardenable elastoplastic materials are investigated analytically using an energy-based approach. Formulas that are convenient for engineering design have been derived.     

Measuring knowledge transfer between fields of science

In this paper we report on the results of an exploratory study of knowledge exchange between disciplines and subfields of science, based on bibliometric methods. The goal of this analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider knowledge exchange between disciplines at a global level, by analysing cross-disciplinary citations in journal articles, based on the world publication output in 1999. Among others a central position of the Basic Life Sciences within the Life Sciences and of Physics within the Exact Sciences is shown. Limitations of analyses of interdisciplinary impact at the journal level are discussed. A second topic is a discussion of measures which may be used to quantify the rate of knowledge transfer between fields and the importance of work in a given field or for other disciplines. Two measures are applied, which appear to be proper indicators of impact of research on other fields. These indicators of interdisciplinary impact may be applied at other institutional levels as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

INFLUENCE OF DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS ON YIELD OF FULLERENES

Fullerene production by arc-discharge method using graphite electrodes has been studied with respect to influence of different design and operational parameters on fullerene yield in a constant arc fullerene reactor. The design parameters like reactor length, diameter, heat transfer area and operational parameters like voltage, current, pressure, coolant flow rate, graphite evaporation rate and electrode diameter etc. have been experimentally studied in detail to establish a relationship between these parameters and fullerene yield. All the parameters affecting the yield have been correlated by dimensional analysis and an equation to calculate the fullerene yield is derived. It was observed experimentally as well as by dimensional analysis that many favorable parameters for getting good yield are linked with other parameters which also get changed if the favorable parameters are changed and thus it is difficult to make a substantial change in the yield of fullerenes.  The relationship established between the yield and parameters is however useful in optimising fullerene yield in a reactor and also helpful in designing a futuristic fullerene reactor of improved yield and productivity. The fullerene yield from different designs of reactors is obtained in the range of 4% to 20%.     

Simple concepts for ion source improvement

We report on improvements in the overall intensity of a sputter ion source that evolved originally from an NEC MCSNICS. Beam output increases benefit both AMS measurements and nuclear physics experiments using low natural abundance beams. In particular, minor changes in source geometry suggested by a combination of electrostatic calculations and simple design principles have yielded increases in extracted negative ion intensity of nearly a factor of 4.     

AFA 3G燃料棒下端塞电子束焊产生气胀的分析

宜宾核燃料元件厂在AFA 3G燃料棒首次产品合格性鉴定中发现，大批下端环缝焊产生了气胀的焊接缺陷。本文分析了产生气胀缺陷的原因，并介绍了针对其原因进行的各种试验。结果表明，改变焊接参数，即提高焊接速度和适当控制电子束流强度，是解决燃料棒焊接气胀缺陷的最好途径。     

用Calyculin A诱导的染色体凝聚研究辐射的剂量效应关系

采用不同剂量（0，0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0Gy)的60Coγ射线照射离体人血，于照后46h加入CalyculinA，观察其诱导的染色体凝聚，并与常规染色体畸变法进行比较，结果表明，Calyculin A法PCC与常规秋水仙素阻滞法及融合法PCC相比可获得更高的分裂指数，Calyculin A法PCC的断片数与剂量之间呈良好的线性关系。     

Transformed Estimates of Densities of Heavy-Tailed Distributions and Classification

Nonparametric estimation of the density of a heavy-tailed probability distribution is investigated. The initial data are transformed to a bounded interval and the distribution density is determined by an inverse transformation of the distribution density estimate of transformed data. An adaptive data transformation is studied, in which the order of decay of the tail of the true distribution density is preserved and stable estimation of the deviation in tail index estimates is guaranteed. In classification, the empirical risk of erroneous classification by the Bayes empirical classifier is used as a measure for the quality of distribution density estimates.     

Evolution of multiprotocol label switching

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is rapidly emerging as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard intended to enhance the speed, scalability, and service provisioning capabilities in the Internet. MPLS uses the technique of packet forwarding based on labels, to enable the implementation of a simpler high-performance packet forwarding engine. This also decouples packet forwarding from routing, facilitating the provision of varied routing services independent of the packet forwarding paradigm. The authors track the evolution of this technology in relation to other existing technologies. Then an overview of the MPLS architecture and design is provided. In addition, some of the work that was a precursor to MPLS is discussed, as well as related issues and debates