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71.
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Mohamed Ahmed Abdou Nadia M. Awny Azza A. Abou Zeid 《Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit》2012,7(3):221-228
In this study three different food preservatives (sodium nitrate, sodium benzoate and sodium sorbate) were used to evaluate their effect on two enterotoxicogenic strains (Bacillus cereus GT1 and Staphylococcus aureus S1). A significant decrease in the viability and production of virulence factors was observed. Yet, obvious tolerance to increasing concentrations (from 1 to 6?g/l) of the three preservatives was recorded reflecting possible resistance mechanisms within the tested strains. The two strains were subjected to increasing doses of gamma radiation (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10?kGy). Obvious correlation was observed between the initial counts of bacterial spores contaminating the products and the required dose for their complete elimination. Whereas the eliminating dose of B. cereus GT1 strain was 10?kGy only 4?kGy was sufficient to suppress the growth and virulence of S. aureus S1, reflecting its sensitivity to low doses of gamma irradiation. Also, inhibition of the two strains by probiotic strain Bacillus pumilus G4 was studied both in situ (in cheese) and in vitro (in culture media). The viable cell population of B. cereus GT1 increased from 106 to 2.9?×?108?CFU/g within 60?h in controls but decreased from 2.1?×?106 to 2.3?×?103?CFU/g after treatment with the probiotic strain. No viable count was observed after 60?h of incubation. Whereas, the viable cell population of S. aureus S1 increased from 106 to 2.5?×?108?CFU/g within 60?h in controls but decreased from 1.5?×?106 to 4.3?×?102?CFU/g after treatment with the probiotic strain. No viable count was observed after 54?h of incubation. 相似文献
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74.
Christophe Rapine Nadia Brauner Gerd Finke Vassilissa Lebacque 《Journal of Scheduling》2012,15(2):127-139
For an industrial application in the chemical industry, we were confronted with the planning of experiments, where human intervention
of a chemist is required to handle the starting and termination of each of the experiments. This gives rise to a new type
of scheduling problem, namely problems of finding schedules with time periods when the tasks can neither start nor finish.
We consider in this paper the natural case of small periods where the duration of the periods is smaller than any processing time. This assumption corresponds to our chemical
experiments lasting several days, whereas the operator unavailability periods are typically single days or week-ends. These
problems are analyzed on a single machine with the makespan as criterion. 相似文献
75.
Aline T. PERES Maria A. DALBONI Maria E. CANZIANI Silvia R. MANFREDI Jose Tarcisio G. CARVALHO Marcelo C. BATISTA Lilian CUPPARI Aluisio B. CARVALHO Rosa M. A. MOYSES Nadia GUIMARÃES Vanda JORGETTI Maria C. ANDREOLI Sergio A. DRAIBE Miguel CENDOROGLO 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2009,13(3):271-277
It has been suggested that phosphate binders may reduce the inflammatory state of hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, it is not clear whether it has any effect on oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sevelamer hydrochloride (SH) and calcium acetate (CA) on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in HD patients. Hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to therapy with SH (n=17) or CA (n=14) for 1 year. Before the initiation of therapy (baseline) and at 12 months, we measured in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by stimulated and unstimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-10, C-reactive protein, and albumin. There was a significant reduction of spontaneous ROS production in both groups after 12 months of therapy. There was a significant decrease of Staphylococcus aureus stimulated ROS production in the SH group. There was a significant increase in albumin serum levels only in the SH group. In the SH group, there was also a decrease in the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein. Our results suggest that compared with CA treatment, SH may lead to a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, it is possible that phosphate binders exert pleiotropic effects on oxidative stress and inflammation, which could contribute toward decreasing endothelial injury in patients in HD. 相似文献
76.
With increases in storm frequency and intensity, municipalities are finding new ways of managing stormwater. Solutions require collaboration across planning disciplines and input from an informed public. This study compares a system of bioswales to existing curb and gutter infrastructure in a post-industrial streetscape of Hamilton, Ontario. Using the geodesign process, a section of Ottawa St. North was modelled to show how green infrastructure can ease the burden on aging, combined sewer systems. Qualitative data was gathered from residents of the neighbourhood through field notes, and quantitative geospatial data through GIS. Parametric modelling was used to generate a design, and scenarios created to show resulting impacts on stormwater run-off. The model was posted online as an interactive presentation, accessible to all stakeholders for review and comment. The results of the study demonstrate powerful new tools that can assist landscape architects in designing, collaborating and communicating stormwater strategies. 相似文献
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78.
Andrea Kleinsmith P. Ravindra De Silva Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze 《Interacting with computers》2006,18(6):1371-1389
Conveyance and recognition of human emotion and affective expression is influenced by many factors, including culture. Within the user modeling field, it has become increasingly necessary to understand the role affect can play in personalizing interactive interfaces using embodied animated agents. However, little research within the computer science field aims at understanding cultural differences within this vein. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate if differences exist in the way various cultures perceive emotion from body posture. We used static posture images of affectively expressive avatars to conduct recognition experiments with subjects from three cultures. After analyzing the subjects' judgments using multivariate analysis, we grounded the identified differences into a set of low-level posture features. We then used Mixture Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and an unsupervised expectation maximization (EM) model to build separate cultural models for affective posture recognition. Our results could prove useful to aide designers in creating more effective affective avatars. 相似文献
79.
Kenneth Bryan Pádraig Cunningham Nadia Bolshakova 《IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine》2006,10(3):519-525
In a gene expression data matrix, a bicluster is a submatrix of genes and conditions that exhibits a high correlation of expression activity across both rows and columns. The problem of locating the most significant bicluster has been shown to be NP-complete. Heuristic approaches such as Cheng and Church's greedy node deletion algorithm have been previously employed. It is to be expected that stochastic search techniques such as evolutionary algorithms or simulated annealing might improve upon such greedy techniques. In this paper we show that an approach based on simulated annealing is well suited to this problem, and we present a comparative evaluation of simulated annealing and node deletion on a variety of datasets. We show that simulated annealing discovers more significant biclusters in many cases. Furthermore, we also test the ability of our technique to locate biologically verifiable biclusters within an annotated set of genes. 相似文献
80.