Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Belief Network & Particle Swarm Optimization

Wireless Personal Communications - Securing the services of security such as data integrity, confidentiality and availability is one of the great challenges. Failure to secure above will...     

Sugar industry waste-derived anode for enhanced biohydrogen production from rice mill wastewater using artificial photo-assisted microbial electrolysis cell

Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) is a promising green technology for energy production from wastewater. This study attempts to investigate the biohydrogen production from rice mill wastewater using artificial photo-assisted microbial electrolysis cell (APAMEC) with an inexpensive anode prepared from carbonaceous material disposed by sugar industry. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses confirmed the presence of carbon on the electrode surface. Cyclic Voltammogram analysis indicated that the carbonaceous anode has higher reduction peak at 0.7 V compared to control (plain carbon cloth) electrode. The experimental results showed a maximum hydrogen production of 220 mL on 5th day of fermentation and the production rate observed was 3.6 ± 0.4 mL/l/h. The effect of pH and acid concentration used in the acid hydrolysis of rice mill wastewater and the effect of artificial light on biohydrogen production were investigated. The optimum pH and acid concentration of 6 and 1.5%, respectively, gave better biohydrogen production and COD removal. The results demonstrated that the development of inexpensive anode from the waste disposed by sugar industry would pave the path to scale-up MECs.     

Polychalcones based on triphenylamine and carbazole building blocks via Claisen–Schmidt route

Alternating and random copolymers of carbazole and triphenylamine containing polychalcones are prepared by adopting simple Claisen–Schmidt route via A₂ + B₂ approach. Terephthaldehyde derivative was used as an additional comonomer along with bisaldehyde of triphenylamine to obtain a random copolymer. The prepared polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents and the polymers exhibited narrow poly dispersity. The polymers are thermally stable and no observable degradation is observed until 350°C. Further, the spin cast thermally annealed films on glass substrate indicated corrugated surface as measured by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy, which could facilitate for greater interaction at the interfaces. Photophysical properties of the polymers in solution and in thin film showed excellent emission characteristics. Both alternating and random copolymers showed a high quantum yield of 0.74 on comparison with quinine sulfate. Polychalcones with triphenylamine/carbazole showed oxidative response in cyclic voltammetry which suggested the suitability as electrochemical sensors and antioxidant coating material.     

Effect of natural antioxidants on the oxidation stability of methyl ester of rubber seed oil

Biodiesel has been proved as a promising solution amidst other alternate fuels in terms of its characteristics compared to diesel. The oxidation property of biodiesel results in the degradation of its quality. This problem can be solved by the addition of suitable antioxidants which improves the oxidation stability of the fuel. Usage of natural antioxidants offsets the defects in synthetic antioxidants, because they are renewable, nontoxic as well as cost effective. The effect of natural antioxidant additives on the oxidation stability of the Methyl Ester of non-edible Rubber Seed oil (MERB) has been experimentally investigated in this study. Natural antioxidants Ginger, Moringa oleifera Lam, Basil and Oregano have been mixed in varying proportions (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) and the antioxidant characteristics of the additives were identified by using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. The induction period, which denotes the oxidation stability was worked out with Rancimat apparatus. From this study it was found out that the oxidation stability of MERB increased when natural antioxidant additives were added. Among the antioxidants used, Ginger was found to be more effective in enhancing the oxidation stability, with induction period values of 11.5 h, 18.5 h, 23 h and 26.5 h for proportions 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm respectively.     

Domestic Water Demand During Droughts in Temperate Climates: Synthesising Evidence for an Integrated Framework

In the upcoming years, as the population is growing and ageing, as lifestyle changes create the need for more water and as fewer people live in each household, the UK water sector will have to deal with challenges in the provision of adequate water services. Unless critical action is taken, every area in the UK may face a supply-demand gap by the 2080s. Extreme weather events and variations that alter drought and flood frequency add to these pressures and there is therefore a need to develop evidence-based drought scenarios models for water management purposes. However, little evidence is available about householders’ response to drought and there are few if any studies that have synthesised this evidence. In response, this paper discusses the current empirical literature on the factors driving domestic water consumption under both ‘normal’ and drought conditions. The paper identifies the limited availability of evidence on the many different and evolving factors affecting domestic consumption under both ‘normal’ and drought conditions and stresses the need for the inclusion of inter and intra household factors as well as water use practices in future demand forecasting models. The paper then presents ‘Water Cultures’ as an integrative modelling framework to combine the limited evidence that is available on the interactions of social norms, practices and material cultures. This enables the paper both to capture both the uncertainty and heterogeneity of individual and/or household level variation and also outline the research gaps that need to be addressed.     

The hot corrosion of cobalt-base alloys in a modified Dean's rig-II. CoCrAl alloys

A range of CoCrAl alloys have been exposed at 900°C to salt-bearing atmospheres in a modified Dean's rig. The atmosphere consisted of dry air containing vapours of, respectively, Na₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄ + Na₂O, and Na₂SO₄ + NaCl. Both isothermal and 24-h cyclic exposures were used. In general, the presence of small amounts of aluminium in Cr₂O₃-forming alloys had relatively little effect. Chromium contents of 20% and above greatly enhanced the hot corrosion resistance of Al₂O₃-forming alloys. The presence of NaCl was always detrimental, leading to scale fracture and enhancing internal sulphidation.     

Analysis of thin PZT films as a function of depth and thickness by GIXS

Abstract

We have performed depth profile studies on PZT films of different thickness. Thin epitaxial films of PbZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃ have been deposited on mono-crystalline (001) LaAlO₃ substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering was used to study the films' structure. GIXS technique was used to analyze the in-plane compression of lattice parameters as a function of depth within the films.     

Studies on the chemico-biological characteristics of bilirubin binding with collagen

The clinical impact of bilirubin on collagen is investigated using various physical, chemical and biological methods. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning analysis of collagen–bilirubin complex matrices indicate that crosslinking does not alter their thermal behavior of collagen. The polydispersity of collagen–bilirubin complex increases in the reacting medium suggesting that there is an increase in the number of interacting points between them. Based on the zeta potential values, the rate of mobility of interacted complex decreases by inferring the extent of binding compared to the control collagen. Emission intensity begins to increase with increase in concentration of bilirubin which ascribes the conformational changes around the aromatic amino acids in collagen. Binding is indicated by an increase in resonance units and the responses are corrected by subtraction of those obtained for native collagen. Bilirubin showed a higher affinity for collagen at a concentration of about 25 nM/mg. In this study, the association rate has been calculated which depicts the increased affinity of bilirubin to collagen. Affinity for bilirubin to collagen has been found to be 8.89 × 10^? 3 s^? 1. The greater part of binding of bilirubin to collagen is found to be electrostatic in nature. The investigation leads to comprehend the affinity of collagen–bilirubin complex during jaundice diseased tissues.     

Convergence on iterative learning control of Hilfer fractional impulsive evolution equations

In this paper, impulsive fractional differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivatives of order and type $0\le \nu \le 1$ is considered. Convergence analysis of $P$-type and $P{I}^{\mu }$-type open-loop iterative learning scheme is studied in the sense of $\lambda$-norm. Examples are provided to explain the theory developed.