二维和三维微/纳高效精密加工中的纳立体刻印工艺

双光子聚合（TPP）是通过光敏剂中的非线性双光子吸收过程所引发的,其作为一种新工艺,自问世以来,已在二维和三维加工聚合应用领域中得到广泛研究．对于二维纳米图案的加工,纳复制工艺已经演变为体素模板扫描方法．该方法用黑白双色2块图作为设计图案,并转排成体素模板以控制聚焦激光素的开关．复杂的三维微结构也可以采用多重断面分层叠加的方法进行加工,各断面的扫描数据从三维CAD数据中得到．在聚合反应后,没有固化的液态树脂,其采用在树脂上浇注类似于酒精之类溶剂的方法去除,从而显露出聚合的微结构．在前期的工作中,已经成功地加工出了高空间分辨力的三维微光学器件,分辨力约为100nm．微机械器件和光子晶体等的近期研究工作提高了其TPP的效率和精度．介绍了近来开发的基于TPP的一些微加工工艺．     

Tailoring the Functionality of Additives for Enhancing the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

In a two-step procedure for fabricating perovskite films, the PbI₂ layer formed on the substrate is converted to perovskite by reacting PbI₂ with organic iodide. Excess PbI₂ left after forming perovskite composition, however, might have an ill effect on device stability and current–voltage hysteresis, although it positively affects efficiency improvement.  Additive engineering is reported here on to control the residual PbI₂ in a two-step procedure. A series of organic multi-ammonium chloride derivatives are introduced into the PbI₂ precursor solution for the first-step coating, which results in an increase in the perovskite grain size. In addition, carrier lifetime is elongated due to the reduced trap density and the energetics are adjusted to facilitate the extraction of photogenerated carriers. The aminoguanidinium-containing precursor leads to an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to the bare PbI₂ precursor mainly due to the significantly enhanced open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Consequently, a PCE of 23.46% is achieved from the hysteresis-less photovoltaic parameters and 93% of the initial PCE is maintained after aging for 1000 h in ambient conditions.     

Comparative studies on the binding site of anesthetics to GABA a receptors using <i>in silico</i> docking methods

Background: Although the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) has been proposed as the main action site for sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, propofol, and benzodiazepines (BZDs), binding of these anesthetics with high-resolution structures of the GABAAR have been rarely examined by comparative docking analyses. Moreover, various combinations of ligands on more GABAARs with various subtypes need to be analyzed to understand the elaborate action mechanism of GABAARs better because some GABAA ligands showed specificity toward the distinct subtypes of the GABAAR. Methods: We performed in silico docking analysis to compare the binding modes of sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, enflurane, propofol, and BZDs to the GABAAR based on one of the most recently provided 3D structures. We performed the docking analysis and the affinity-based ranking of the binding sites. Results: Our docking studies revealed that isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane docked in an extracellular domain (ECD) on GABAARs, in contrast to sevoflurane. Conclusion: Our results supported a multi-site mechanism for the allosteric modulation of propofol. Propofol was bound to the pore or favored various subsites in the transmembrane domain (TMD). Our result confirmed that different chemically related BZD ligands interact via distinct binding modes rather than by using a common binding mode, as previously suggested.