Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil

Hempseed (HS) is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with approximately 17% of total fatty acids as alpha-linolenic acid. As such, HS and its oil may be used in hen diet formulations to produce eggs enriched in essential fatty acids. Because omega-3 eggs have the potential for unpleasant aromas and flavors, the current study was designed to assess the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of eggs procured from hens consuming diets containing hempseed oil (HO) or HS. A total of 48 individually caged White Bovan hens received 1 of 6 diets containing 4%, 8%, 12% HO, 10%, 20% HS or 0% hemp (w/w) for 12 wk. Total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the 12% HO group (15.3 mg/g of yolk) compared to the control (2.4 mg/g of yolk). Trained panellists (n= 8) found no significant differences (P≥ 0.05) in aroma or flavor between cooked eggs from different dietary treatments, with the exception of sweet flavor. The 4% HO group yielded the least sweet eggs compared to the 20% HS group, which was highest. For yolk color, L*, a*, and b* values (Mean ± SEM) for control eggs were 61.2 ± 0.10, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 43.0 ± 0.22, respectively. Addition of hemp led to significant (P < 0.001) reductions in L*, and significant increases in a* and b*, with the largest changes observed in the 20% HS treatment (L*= 58.7 ± 0.10; a*= 5.8 ± 0.05; b*= 60.5 ± 0.22). The results show that hemp use in hen diets leads to increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and color intensity of egg yolks, but does not have adverse effects on the sensory profiles of the cooked eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides evidence that HS and hempseed oil (HO) can safely be utilized as feed ingredients for laying hens to produce table eggs that are enriched in essential fatty acids. Additionally, the eggs procured from these hens had similar aroma and flavor compared to eggs from hens not fed any hemp. The greater the dietary hemp inclusion, the more pigmented the resulting yolks became in terms of darkness, redness, and yellowness.     

Distributed context aware collaborative filtering approach for P2P service selection and recovery in wireless mesh networks

With the evolution of large number of social networking sites in which various users share the information at various levels in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) manner, there is a need of efficient P2P collaborative mechanisms to achieve efficiency and accuracy at each level. To achieve high level of accuracy and scalability, a distributed collaborative filtering (CF) approach for P2P service selection and recovery is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach is different from the traditional centralized approaches as both user and network views are modelled and an estimation of the service recovery time is included if some of the services are failed during execution. A novel Context Aware P2P Service Selection and Recovery (CAPSSR) algorithm is proposed. To filter the relevant contents for user needs, a new Distributed Filtering Metric (DFM) is included in the algorithm which selects the contents based upon the user input. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated with traditional centralized algorithm with respect to scalability and accuracy. The results obtained show that the proposed approach is better than the existing approaches in terms of accuracy and scalability.     

BUBBLE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS ON THE BINARY MIXTURES OF 1,4-DIMETHYLBENZENE WITH ISO-, SEC-, AND TERT- BUTANOLS AT 95 kPa

Bubble temperatures at 95 kPa over the entire composition range were measured for the three binary systems formed by 1,4-dimethylbenzene with iso-, sec-, and tert- butanols. A Swietoslawski-type ebulliometer was used for the measurements. The composition versus temperature measurements are well represented by the Wilson model.     

Dazzling cool white light emission from Ce3+/Sm3+ activated LBZ glasses for W-LED applications

We synthesized a batch of co-doped (Ce³⁺+Sm³⁺): LBZ glass specimens by melt quenching process and their structural and radiation properties were studied by employing XRD, FE-SEM, optical absorption, photoluminescence and lifetime measurements. UV–Vis–NIR absorption studies of the co-doped (Ce³⁺+Sm³⁺): LBZ glassy matrix displays pertinent bands of both Ce³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions. Individually doped Sm³⁺: LBZ glass exhibit bright orange emission at 603?nm (⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_7/2) under the excitation of 403?nm. Nevertheless, the luminescence intensities pertaining to Sm³⁺ were extraordinarily increased by co-doping with Ce³⁺ ions to Sm³⁺: LBZ glassy matrices because of energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Sm³⁺. The fluorescence spectra of co-doped (Ce³⁺+Sm³⁺): LBZ exhibits characteristic emission bands of Ce³⁺ (441?nm, blue) and Sm³⁺ (603?nm, reddish orange) under the excitation of 362?nm. Decay curves of Ce³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions in co-doped glass has been fitted to double exponential nature. The decreasing lifetime of donor ion and rising lifetime of acceptor ion in double doped glass could support the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Sm³⁺ ions in the host matrix. The CIE coordinates and CCT values were calculated for all the obtained co-doped glassy samples from their luminescence spectra. By adding Ce³⁺ ions to individually doped Sm³⁺: LBZ glass matrix, the emitting color changes from reddish orange to white light which resembles the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Sm³⁺ ions. These studies, perhaps implied that attained co-doped (Ce³⁺+Sm³⁺): LBZ glassy samples are potential materials for white lighting appliances.     

The influence of process parameters and heat treatment on the properties of cold sprayed silver coatings

Cold spray coating technology is a promising low temperature variant of thermal spray technology which can deposit pure, dense and thick coatings at a rapid rate. Unlike the other thermal spray coating techniques, cold spray is especially suitable for depositing coatings with high electrical and thermal conductivity as the integrity of the feedstock is maintained during the coating process. In the present study, the effect of process parameters and heat treatment on the properties of silver coatings has been investigated. An attempt has been made to correlate the powder particle velocity with the properties and microstructure of the coating. The effect of heat treatment temperature and atmosphere on the properties of the coatings, especially electrical conductivity, has been studied in detail in conjunction with a thorough analysis of the evolution of microstructure of the coatings.     

From conceptual modelling to requirements engineering

Conceptual modelling is situated in the broader view of information systems requirements engineering. Requirements Engineering (RE) explores the objectives of different stakeholders and the activities carried out by them to meet these objectives in order to derive purposeful system requirements and therefore lead to better quality systems, i.e., systems that meet the requirements of their users. Thus RE product models use concepts for modelling these instead of concepts like data, process, events, etc., used in conceptual models. Since the former are more stable than the latter, requirements engineering manages change better. The paper gives the rationale for extending traditional conceptual models and introduces some RE product models. Furthermore, in contrast to conceptual modelling, requirements engineering lays great stress on the engineering process employed. The paper introduces some RE process models and considers their effect on tool support. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pure H2 Production by Decomposition of Methane Over Ni Supported on Hydroxyapatite Catalysts

The catalytic decomposition of CH₄ for the production of pure H₂ is carried out over Ni supported on hydroxyapatite [Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)] catalysts at 650 °C and atmospheric pressure. CH₄ decomposition activity is decreased with time on stream and finally deactivated completely. The physicochemical properties of the fresh catalysts are characterized by XRD, DTA/TG, TPR and SEM techniques along with CHNS analyses of the used samples. It is found that the 30 wt% Ni/HAp displayed higher H₂ production rates over the other Ni loadings, which is correlated with Ni metal surface area measured by O₂ pulse chemisorption. IICT communication number: 051211.