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11.
Determining order relationship between events of a distributed computation is a fundamental problem in distributed systems
which has applications in many areas including debugging, visualization, checkpointing and recovery. Fidge/Mattern’s vector-clock
mechanism captures the order relationship using a vector of size N in a system consisting of N processes. As a result, it incurs message and space overhead of N integers. Many distributed applications use synchronous messages for communication. It is therefore natural to ask whether it is possible to reduce the timestamping overhead for such applications.
In this paper, we present a new approach for timestamping messages and events of a synchronously ordered computation, that is, when processes communicate using synchronous messages. Our approach depends on decomposing edges in the communication
topology into mutually disjoint edge groups such that each edge group either forms a star or a triangle. We show that, to accurately capture the order relationship between
synchronous messages, it is sufficient to use one component per edge group in the vector instead of one component per process.
Timestamps for events are only slightly bigger than timestamps for messages. Many common communication topologies such as
ring, grid and hypercube can be decomposed into edge groups, resulting in almost 50% improvement in both space and communication overheads. We prove that the problem of
computing an optimal edge decomposition of a communication topology is NP-complete in general. We also present a heuristic
algorithm for computing an edge decomposition whose size is within a factor of two of the optimal. We prove that, in the worst
case, it is not possible to timestamp messages of a synchronously ordered computation using a vector containing fewer than
components when N ≥ 2. Finally, we show that messages in a synchronously ordered computation can always be timestamped in an offline manner
using a vector of size at most .
An earlier version of this paper appeared in 2002 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing
Systems (ICDCS).
The author V. K. Garg was supported in part by the NSF Grants ECS-9907213, CCR-9988225, an Engineering Foundation Fellowship.
This work was done while the author C. Skawratananond was a Ph.D. student at the University of Texas at Austin. 相似文献
12.
A compact spark pre-ionized pulser sustainer TE-CO2 laser that can produce an output energy of one joule with an overall efficiency of 12.4% is presented. Optical pulses have
durations of 7.15 μs FWHM. Here, the laser uses all solid-state excitation (ASSE) circuit and the discharge formed between
two uniform field electrodes placed 1.5 cm apart ultimately leads to a discharge volume of 50 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm 相似文献
13.
Vijay H. Masand Sami A. Al-Hussain Mithilesh M. Rathore Sumer D. Thakur Siddhartha Akasapu Abdul Samad Aamal A. Al-Mutairi Magdi E. A. Zaki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(23)
Aurora kinase B (AKB) is a crucial signaling kinase with an important role in cell division. Therefore, inhibition of AKB is an attractive approach to the treatment of cancer. In the present work, extensive quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) analysis has been performed using a set of 561 structurally diverse aurora kinase B inhibitors. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines were used to develop a QSAR model that has high statistical performance (R2tr = 0.815, Q2LMO = 0.808, R2ex = 0.814, CCCex = 0.899). The seven-variable-based newly developed QSAR model has an excellent balance of external predictive ability (Predictive QSAR) and mechanistic interpretation (Mechanistic QSAR). The QSAR analysis successfully identifies not only the visible pharmacophoric features but also the hidden features. The analysis indicates that the lipophilic and polar groups—especially the H-bond capable groups—must be present at a specific distance from each other. Moreover, the ring nitrogen and ring carbon atoms play important roles in determining the inhibitory activity for AKB. The analysis effectively captures reported as well as unreported pharmacophoric features. The results of the present analysis are also supported by the reported crystal structures of inhibitors bound to AKB. 相似文献
14.
Alok K. Jha Neeraj Khare R. Pinto 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2012,25(2):377-380
Thin films of YBCO and YBCO:BaZrO3 (BZO) nanocomposite have been deposited using the pulsed laser deposition technique. Substantial increase in critical current
density (J
C
) and pinning force density (F
p
) of the nanocomposite thin films was observed. The possible pinning mechanism in YBCO:BZO nanocomposite thin films has been
explored and compared with the pinning mechanism in pure YBCO thin film by studying the variation of J
C
with magnetic field (B) and temperature. In the intermediate field regime (0.1–1 T), J
C
follows B
−α
with nearly similar values of α for YBCO and YBCO:BZO nanocomposite thin films indicating similar pinning mechanism in both thin films. The variation of
J
C
with reduced temperature (t=T/T
C
) has been studied for both the films and it was observed that the mechanism of pinning in both YBCO and YBCO:BZO thin films
is similar (δT
C
pinning). The observed enhanced values of J
C
and F
p
of the nanocomposite thin film is attributed to the presence of BZO nanoparticles, which induces more defects due to lattice
mismatch between YBCO and BZO leading to improved flux pinning properties of the nanocomposite thin film. 相似文献
15.
Singh Siddharth Rathore Vivek Singh Singh Rajiv Singh Manoj Kumar 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2017,76(18):19113-19137
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Image watermarking in wavelet domain has been found useful for copyright protection and rightful ownership. Classical wavelet transforms, like discrete wavelet... 相似文献
16.
Lynnette Joseph D. Sajan Venkataraya Shettigar K. Chaitanya Neeraj Misra Tom Sundius I. Němec 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2013
A new chalcone derivative, 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (DMAC) was synthesized and single crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra of the sample were recorded in the region 3700–100 cm−1 and 4000–400 cm−1, respectively. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following structure optimizations and force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Normal coordinate calculations were performed using the DFT force field, corrected by a recommended set of scaling factors, yielding fairly good agreement between the observed and calculated wavenumbers. DMAC is thermally stable up to 220.0 °C and optically transparent in the visible region. Information about the size, shape, charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecule has been obtained by mapping electron density isosurface with electrostatic potential surfaces (ESP). The SHG efficiency of DMAC is observed to be 10 times that of standard urea crystal of identical particle size. 相似文献
17.
Kuo-chung Chang Hung-Wei Yen Chih-Ching Chiang Neeraj Parolia 《International Journal of Project Management》2013
The extent of knowledge contribution is the key to the success of system development projects. Knowledge contribution refers to the knowledge that is provided to increase a team's efficiency and achieve its goal. This study proposes a research model exploring factors that influence the extent of knowledge contribution from a social cognitive perspective. These factors include the team relationship commitment, team relationship norms, and awareness of expertise location. Additionally, this study argues that a team's awareness of expertise location mediates the effects of affective commitment and relationship norms on knowledge contribution. The result shows that the awareness of expertise location plays a crucial mediating role in the relationships between the two socially prescribed motivations and knowledge contribution. Moreover, team relationship commitment has an important impact on team established relational norms. 相似文献
18.
In this communication, new composite desiccant materials having 37% concentration of CaCl2 have been compared for water production from atmospheric air. The vermiculite–saw wood, jute and burnt-clay have been used as host materials and CaCl2 as a hygroscopic salt. All the desiccant materials have been tested with the solar glass desiccant box type system (SGDBS) with a collector area of 0.36?m2. Design parameters for water production are: height of the glass from the desiccant bed to be 0.22?m, an inclination angle of 30°, the effective thickness of the glass as 3?mm and the number of glazing is single. It has been found that on the experimental day, the maximum amount of fresh water generated by the vermiculite–saw wood/CaCl2 is 130?ml/kg/day. 相似文献
19.
Silicon - Stacked Dielectric Triple Material Cylindrical Gate All Around (SD-TM-CGAA) Junctionless MOSFET has been explored for low power applications. This paper presents an analytical model of... 相似文献
20.
Sisira Kanta Pattnaik Neeraj Kumar Bhoi Sachidananda Padhi Saroj Kumar Sarangi 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2018,98(1-4):55-65
Machining of aluminum and its alloy is very difficult due to the adhesion and diffusion of aluminum, thus the formation of built-up edge (BUE) on the surface. The BUE, which affects the surface integrity and tool life significantly, affects the service and performance of the workpiece. The minimization of BUE was carried out by selection of proper cutting speed, feed, depth of cut, and cutting tool material. This paper presents machining of rolled aluminum at cutting speeds of 336, 426, and 540 m/min, the feeds of 0.045, 0.06, and 0.09 mm/rev, and a constant depth of cut of 0.2 mm in dry condition. Five cutting tools WC SPUN grade, WC SPGN grade, WC + PVD (physical vapor deposition) TiN coating, WC + Ti (C, N) + Al2O3 PVD multilayer coatings, and PCD (polycrystalline diamond) were utilized for the experiments. The surface roughness produced, total flank wear, and cut chip thicknesses were measured. The characterization of the tool was carried out by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The chip underface was analyzed for the study of chip deformation produced after machining. The results indicated that the PCD tool provides better results in terms of roughness, tool wear, and smoother chip underface. It provides promising results in all aspects. 相似文献