云2-平1多台阶变方位水平井钻井液技术

云2-平1井是位于复杂断块油气田上的一口中曲率半径水平井,水平段长820.86 m,水平段多台阶、方位角变化幅度大(29.6°),井下摩阻大,钻井液的携砂、润滑及防卡能力是该井钻井成功的关键。该井选用有机正电胶-聚合物钻井液体系,用高分子量聚合物胶液进行维护,以提高体系的悬浮携岩及防塌能力,通过加入液体磺化沥青、原油及与之相配伍的固体乳化剂来提高润滑性,配合良好的四级固控设备及时清除有害固相,使钻井液性能稳定且易于调整,增强了泥饼的韧度和强度,完全达到了充分悬浮携带岩屑、润滑防卡、稳定井壁的要求。在钻进过程中仔细观察钻井液的动切力、动塑比、静切力初终值、固相含量、含油量、膨润土含量等性能参数的变化,“细化、超前、配套”是该井钻井液性能稳定、效果良好的主要维护处理经验。下套管、钻杆输送测井顺利,井下摩阻始终小于10 kN,全井安全无事故,仅用45d8 h钻完3200 m的进尺。     

Pressure effects on flow and fracture of Be-Al alloys

The flow and fracture behavior of Be-Al alloys were determined in tension with different levels of superimposed pressure. The Be-Al alloys were prepared by Brush Wellman, Inc. (Cleveland, OH) from prealloyed powders processed to either a hot isostatically pressed (“hipped”) or cold isostatically pressed and extruded condition. Significant effects of pressure on both the flow and ductility have been observed at room temperature, with implications on the formability of these materials. The effects of changes in processing conditions and stress state on the flow and fracture behavior are summarized in addition to both optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the fracture surfaces. Separate other studies on the alloy constituents (e.g., Al and Be) are also reported. The results are also compared to previous works on monolithic materials and composites tested with high pressure.     

In situ polyurethane/silica composite formation via a sol‐gel process

Polyurethane acrylate anionomer (PUAA)/silica composite gels were prepared by the sol‐gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS) incorporated to PUAA gels by using a swelling method. The formation and structure of composites were confirmed by FTIR, X‐ray diffraction, and SEM. As a result, we found that silica components in composites are located within the ionic domains of their gels and interacted with PUAA via hydrogen bonding. This drastically enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. Mechanical properties are also improved by MPTS, because MPTS improves the dispersibility and adhesion of silica components in PUAA/silica composite gels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2327–2334, 2002     

Droplet de-entrainment by inertial impaction on vertical rods in an air-droplet mixture flow

We experimentally investigate the de-entrainment of droplets by inertial impaction on an array of vertical rods in an air-droplet mixture flow. The de-entrainment efficiencies are measured for a single rod, for a single row of rods, and for a multi-row of rods. We investigate the effects of the droplet mass flux (0.5–5.4 kg/m² s), the droplet Weber number (3000–8000), the air velocity (0–6 m/s), the rod geometry, and the surface roughness on the de-entrainment, and the rod diameter-to-pitch ratio effect on the de-entrainment. The results for a single rod show that the de-entrainment efficiency decreases slightly as the droplet mass flux increases; however, in our experimental ranges, there is negligible dependence on the droplet Weber number, the air velocity, and the surface roughness. The rod geometry affects the de-entrainment efficiency. The results for a single row of rods show that the existence of neighboring rods promotes de-entrainment due to droplet splashing, and we develop a correlation to show the effect of diameter-to-pitch ratio on the de-entrainment. Using information on the de-entrainment efficiencies of a single rod and those of a single row of rods, we propose a correlation that predicts the de-entrainment efficiency for a multi-row of rods with a staggered array. The RMS errors of the correlation from the de-entrainment efficiencies experimentally obtained are within 13.5%.     

Hydrogenases, accessory genes and the regulation of [NiFe] hydrogenase biosynthesis in Thiocapsa roseopersicina

The purple (Sulphur) phototrophic bacterium, Thiocapsa roseopersicina BBS contains several [NiFe] hydrogenases, of which two are membrane bound. Mutant T. roseopersicina cells, carrying deletions in both gene clusters showed hydrogenase activity. This activity was located in the cytoplasm. The structural gene cluster hoxEFUYH was identified and sequenced. In addition, genes homologous to hupUV/hoxBC, the hydrogen sensing hydrogenase have been identified and sequenced.Regulation of hydrogenase biosynthesis was studied in detail for HydSL (renamed HynSL). A random mutagenesis system was optimised for T. roseopersicina. One of the mutations was in a gene similar to that coding for the HypF proteins in other organisms. Inactivation of the hypF gene resulted in a 60-fold increase in hydrogen evolution under nitrogen fixing conditions. In addition to hypF, the following accessory genes were identified: hydD, hupK, hypC1, hypC2, hypDE. Characterisation of the corresponding gene products and search for additional accessory genes are in progress.     

耐高温微生物驱油提高低渗透油藏采收率先导性试验

胜利油田东辛高温低渗透油藏含蜡高,常温微生物无法存活,针对这一问题,引进美国NPC公司耐高温菌种,在Y6-16井组开展高温低渗油藏微生物驱油提高采收率研究和现场试验。施工后Y6-16井日增注52m3,表皮系数由施工前的2.069减小为施工后的-6.31,油层污染得到较好改善;原油含蜡量、胶质沥青质含量降低,轻质组分增加,重质组分降低;井组采收率提高5.09个百分点。     

Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology.

Discusses the contributions made by P. J. Bauer, T. E. Moffit, S. T. Tiffany, L. Cosmides, and R. M. Nosofsky, the 1993 recipients of the Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology presented by the American Psychological Association. Bauer is awarded for her research on the development of memory in preverbal and newly verbal children. Moffit is recognized for her research on the psychopathology and natural history of human antisocial behavior. Tiffany is awarded for his research on cognitive, behavioral, and physiological mechanisms that influence psychopharmacological phenomena. Cosmides is awarded for her leadership in defining the field of evolutionary psychology. Nosofsky is recognized for his theoretical and empirical work on the nature of perceptual classification. A biography of each recipient is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for distinguished scientific early career contributions to psychology: Robert M. Nosofsky.

The Early Career Awards, given for the first time in 1974, recognize the large number of excellent young psychologists. Recipients of this award may not have held a doctoral degree for more than nine years. For purposes of this award, psychology has been divided into 10 areas: animal learning and behavior, comparative; developmental; health; cognition/human learning; psychopathology; behavioral and cognitive neuroscience; perception/motor performance; social; applied research; and individual differences. Five areas are considered each year, with areas rotated in two-year cycles. The citation, biography, and selected bibliography of Robert M. Nosofsky, one of the 1993 recipients of the Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology (Cognition/Human Learning), are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for distinguished contribution to education and training in psychology: Jill N. Reich.

Presents the citation, biography, and selected bibliography of Jill N. Reich, one of the 1993 recipients of the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Contribution to Education and Training in Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

IC卡在电信领域的应用模式

本文列举了ＩＣ卡在电信领域及一些国家和地区的应用之后，给出了国际ＩＣ卡的应用发展模式，以供有关部门参考。