Effect of Various Surfactants on the Viscosity,Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluid

International Journal of Thermophysics - The paper describes the metrological characterization of the highly stable Pt-40%Rh/Pt-6%Rh thermocouples to determine their reference function in the...     

Speeding up dynamic time warping distance for sparse time series data

Dynamic time warping (DTW) distance has been effectively used in mining time series data in a multitude of domains. However, in its original formulation DTW is extremely inefficient in comparing long sparse time series, containing mostly zeros and some unevenly spaced nonzero observations. Original DTW distance does not take advantage of this sparsity, leading to redundant calculations and a prohibitively large computational cost for long time series. We derive a new time warping similarity measure (AWarp) for sparse time series that works on the run-length encoded representation of sparse time series. The complexity of AWarp is quadratic on the number of observations as opposed to the range of time of the time series. Therefore, AWarp can be several orders of magnitude faster than DTW on sparse time series. AWarp is exact for binary-valued time series and a close approximation of the original DTW distance for any-valued series. We discuss useful variants of AWarp: bounded (both upper and lower), constrained, and multidimensional. We show applications of AWarp to three data mining tasks including clustering, classification, and outlier detection, which are otherwise not feasible using classic DTW, while producing equivalent results. Potential areas of application include bot detection, human activity classification, search trend analysis, seismic analysis, and unusual review pattern mining.     

A new spatial spherical pattern model into interactive cartography pattern: multi-dimensional data via geostrategic cluster

A growing amount of research conducted in digital, cooperative with advances in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Vision including Machine learning, has managed to the advance of progressive techniques that aim to detect and process affective information contained in multi-modal evidences. This research intends to bring together for theoreticians and practitioners from academic fields, professionals and industries and extends to be visualizing cries such epidemic, votes, social Phenomena in spherical representation interactive model working in the broad range of topics relevant to multi - modal data processing and forensics tools developing. Furthermore, progress has been made in this research besides that in this research conducted progression of mapping claims in present epoch necessitate the capacities of virtual guide of any understandable Geo-Visualization of spatial features that talented to convert the quantities of spatial pattern into cartography. The enlargement of a novel approaches fit for visualization of spatial pattern constituencies Starting exclusive Input Set of object O, set associated with feature F for regenerating Output the set C , interested region I special target C Even so, as indicated by the construction of the prototype as listed earlier in this thread, does it have the incentive for improvements: Representation could be used by Google Earth can Using Project enhancement representation whereby provides a 3D or 4D interaction with life measures with a view to cartography. In addition, the initiative suggests that a tool not accessible for disseminating information to the public can be addressed by the use of online mapping, which fuses with trends visualization for political circles and electors. But as mentioned above the framework is developed and it's also possible in the current example, for improvements: The project's representation 3D or 4D interacting Earth can use measures of life Earth From the map viewpoint. That's what that says. That means that. Which just means. Developers have concerns that. So it. Designers concern about that. This study supports the new, multi - demission and deployed countries in conjunction with another data is processed. Comprehensive, well-interpreted source data for the Data like Malaysia Jabatan Pendaftaran (JPN).

     

The development of spectral indices for early detection of Ganoderma disease in oil palm seedlings

Field spectroscopy is a rapid and non-destructive analytical technique that may be used for assessing plant stress and disease. The objective of this study was to develop spectral indices for detection of Ganoderma disease in oil palm seedlings. The reflectance spectra of oil palm seedlings from three levels of Ganoderma disease severity were acquired using a spectroradiometer. Denoizing and data transformation using first derivative analysis was conducted on the original reflectance spectra. Then, comparative statistical analysis was used to select significant wavelength from transformed data. Wavelength pairs of spectral indices were selected using optimum index factor. The spectral indices were produced using the wavelength ratios and a modified simple ratio method. The relationship analysis between spectral indices and total leaf chlorophyll (TLC) was conducted using regression technique. The results suggested that six spectral indices are suitable for the early detection of Ganoderma disease in oil palm seedlings. Final results after regression with TLC showed that Ratio 3 is the best spectral index for the early detection of Ganoderma infection in oil palm seedlings. For future works, this can be used for the development of robust spectral indices for Ganoderma disease detection in young and mature oil palm using airborne hyperspectral imaging.     

Oligomeric Composition of Polyols From Fatty Acid Methyl Ester: The Effect of Ring‐Opening Reactants of Epoxide Groups

Commercial availability of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from palm oil targeted for biodiesel offers a good feedstock for the production of structurally well‐defined polyols for polyurethane applications. The effect of molecular weight (MW), odd and even carbon numbers, and the linear and branched structure reactants used in the ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (E‐FAME) on the properties of polyols was investigated. Conversions of E‐FAME to PolyFAME polyols were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis, oxirane oxygen content, and hydroxyl number. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) calibrated against polyether polyols as a standard and vapor pressure osmometry were used for MW determination. GPC chromatograms of PolyFAME polyols clearly demonstrated the formation of oligomers during ring‐opening reactions. MW, and odd and even carbon numbers in a structure of linear diols and branched diol used in the syntheses of PolyFAME polyols did not have an effect on crystallinity, glass transition, or melt temperatures measured using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PolyFAME polyols ring‐opened with water, methanol, and 1,2‐propanediol contained secondary hydroxyl groups, whereas PolyFAME polyols ring‐opened with linear diols contained a mixture of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups. It was found that the concentration of primary hydroxyl groups increased significantly by increasing the number of carbons from C2 to C3 in the linear diols. The viscosity of PolyFAME polyols also increased with the MW of linear diols used in the E‐FAME ring‐opening reaction. These findings would be beneficial for formulators in choosing the most cost effective polyols for polyurethane formulations.     

Effects of Ni doping on photocatalytic activity of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin films prepared by liquid phase deposition technique

The TiO₂ thin films doped by Ni uniformly and non-uniformly were prepared on glass substrate from an aqueous solution of ammonium hexa-fluoro titanate and NiF₂ by liquid phase deposition technique. The addition of boric acid as an F ⁻ scavenger will shift the equilibrium to one side and thereby deposition of the film is progressed. The rate of the reaction and the nature of deposition depend on growing time and temperature. The resultant films were characterized by XRD, EDAX, UV and SEM. The result shows that the deposited films have amorphous background, which becomes crystalline at 500°C. The EDAX data confirms the existence of Ni atoms in TiO₂ matrix. XRD analysis reveals the peaks corresponding to Ni but no peak of crystalline NiO was found. The transmittance spectra of Ni uniformly and non-uniformly doped TiO₂ thin films show ‘blue shift and red shift’, respectively. Ni-doped TiO₂ thin films can be used as photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methyl orange dye. It was found that, organic dye undergoes degradation efficiently in presence of non-uniformly Ni-doped TiO₂ thin films when compared to uniformly doped films and pure TiO₂ films under visible light. The photocatalytic activity increases with increase in the concentration of Ni in case of nonuniformly doped thin films but decreases with the concentration when uniformly doped thin films were used.     

Rheological flow models of banana peel pectin jellies as affected by sugar concentration

In the present study, peel pectin jellies (PPJ) were isolated from banana peel Musa acuminata Colla (AAA, cv ‘Berangan’) varieties using water bath extraction; five jellies were produced, namely, PPJ_68%, PPJ_70%, PPJ_71%, PPJ_72%, and PPJ_76%. The effect of sugar content on the rheology of the PPJ and commercial fruit jelly was conducted at 25°C within 0.05–100 s^?1 shear rate. Flow behaviour was evaluated on the test dispersions while frequency sweeps (E_a) to obtain the viscoelastic (G’ and G”) were performed on the jellies. PPJ dispersion showed shear thinning flow behaviour, a good fit to the Casson model. Sugar concentration does not affect Casson parameters (K_c, K_oc, ?_ca, and σ_oc). Frequency sweep decreased as viscosity increased which revealed high dependence for both G’ and G”. Tan δ for PPJ was more than unity which showed that jelly has less elastic properties. PPJ with the lowest sugar concentration, PPJ_68%, conducted at a high shear rate showed it was compatible with validation of the Cox–Merz rule.     

Dual Activity BLEG-1 from Bacillus lehensis G1 Revealed Structural Resemblance to B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase and Glyoxalase II: An Insight into Its Enzyme Promiscuity and Evolutionary Divergence

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are class B β-lactamases from the metallo-hydrolase-like MBL-fold superfamily which act on a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics. A previous study on BLEG-1 (formerly called Bleg1_2437), a hypothetical protein from Bacillus lehensis G1, revealed sequence similarity and activity to B3 subclass MBLs, despite its evolutionary divergence from these enzymes. Its relatedness to glyoxalase II (GLXII) raises the possibility of its enzymatic promiscuity and unique structural features compared to other MBLs and GLXIIs. This present study highlights that BLEG-1 possessed both MBL and GLXII activities with similar catalytic efficiencies. Its crystal structure revealed highly similar active site configuration to YcbL and GloB GLXIIs from Salmonella enterica, and L1 B3 MBL from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. However, different from GLXIIs, BLEG-1 has an insertion of an active-site loop, forming a binding cavity similar to B3 MBL at the N-terminal region. We propose that BLEG-1 could possibly have evolved from GLXII and adopted MBL activity through this insertion.     

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Peeled and Unpeeled Pumpkin Flour

ABSTRACT:  This study was intended to investigate the potential of peeled and unpeeled pumpkin pulp as a raw material for the production of flour that could be used in composite blend with wheat flour or as a functional ingredient in food products. The peeled and unpeeled pumpkin pulp were soaked in sodium metabisulphite solution, sliced and dried overnight in a hot air oven, followed by milling into peeled pumpkin pulp flour (PPPF) and unpeeled pumpkin pulp flour (UPPF), respectively. The flours were then evaluated for physicochemical attributes (color, proximate compositions, and water activity) and functional properties (water holding capacity and oil holding capacity), in comparison to the commercial wheat flour. PPPF and UPPF were observed to be more attractive in terms of color than wheat flour, as indicated by the significantly higher results ( P  ≤ 0.05) in  a * and  b * values. In comparison to wheat flour, PPPF and UPPF were superior in term of nutrients as indicated by the significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.05) ash and crude fiber content. No significant difference ( P  ≥ 0.05) was shown in water holding capacity of PPPF and wheat flour. However, the oil holding capacity of PPPF and UPPF was shown to be significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.05) than the wheat flour, indicating the potential of PPPF and UPPF as emulsifying agents. Moisture content and water activity values in PPPF and UPPF were significantly lower ( P  ≤ 0.05) than wheat flour, suggesting that PPPF and UPPF have a better keeping quality and longer shelf life.     

In vitro starch hydrolysis and estimated glycaemic index of bread substituted with different percentage of chempedak (Artocarpus integer) seed flour

Chempedak (Artocarpus integer) seed flour (CSF) was substituted for wheat flour at different levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% w/w) in bread. Assessment on the in vitro starch hydrolysis was carried out to evaluate the hydrolysis index (HI) and estimated glycaemic index (EGI) of bread substituted with different levels of CSF. Kinetics of in vitro starch hydrolysis in all bread samples (with the exception for white bread) indicated a gradual increase with respect to time intervals. Bread of 30% CSF exhibited significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vitro starch hydrolysis, as compared with the other samples. Results showed that HI value decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the levels of CSF substitution increased. Resistant starch (RS) content in bread samples was inversely related with HI value as CSF substitution levels increased, thus lowering the EGI value.