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61.
Simultaneous single-frequency oscillations on different transitions have been observed experimentally in a laser-diode-pumped microchip LiNdP4O12 laser. The peculiar modal input-output characteristics and the antiphase relaxation oscillation dynamics have been reproduced theoretically using rate equations, including the strong spatial localization of population inversions, cross saturation, and resonant reabsorption loss in an unpumped region brought about by the inherent high Nd concentrations 相似文献
62.
Jin-Young Kim Masahiro Inoue Zenji Kato Nozomu Uchida Katsuichi Saito Keizo Uematsu 《Journal of Materials Science》1991,26(8):2215-2218
Spray-dried yttria-doped zirconia granules were made transparent by immersion in a liquid and the internal structure was characterized using an optical microscope. This unique technique was found to be applicable for this system by using an immersion liquid with appropriate refractive index, and it enabled observation of the internal structure to be made over the entire volume of granules, in clear contrast to conventional SEM observation. Distinct features, which were considered to be agglomerates, were found in the granules. This was supported by SEM observation. 相似文献
63.
We investigated the mobility and distribution of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in four contaminated soil profiles
from Bangladesh. The sources of contamination of these profiles were tannery wastes, city sewage and the wastes of pharmaceutical
and paper mill factories at different locations in Bangladesh. The samples were collected from the A-, B- and C-horizons of
each profile: two sub-samples from the A-horizon at depths of 0–5 cm (A1) and >5 cm (A2), and one sample each from the B-
and C-horizons. Soil samples were analysed for total metal content by dissolution in aqua regia followed by sequential extraction
of the fractions based on their varying solubility. There were six operationally defined groups of extraction sequences: water
soluble (F1), exchangeable (F2), carbonate (F3), oxide (F4), organic (F5) and residual (F6). The total concentration of Cd,
Ni and Zn in the A-horizon (0–5 cm) ranged from 0.10 to 0.62, from 31 to 54 and from 85 to 838 mg kg−1, respectively. In the B- and C-horizons, the concentrations of these metals decreased many fold, particularly in the city
sewage profile where the decrease for Cd and Zn was approximately fourfold. The distribution of metals among the chemical
fractions depended on their total concentrations. In the A1-horizon, Cd had the highest mobility factor [MF = (F1+F2+F3)/(F1+F2+F3+F4+F5+F6) × 100]
at 41–43% and Ni had the lowest at 3–13%, while Zn, showed intermediate values at 8–25%. The MF decreased with depth in all
soil profiles. Among the fractions, the residual fraction contained the lowest levels of Cd but the highest levels of Ni and
Zn. This state affected their relative mobility and distribution in soil profiles. Of the soil profiles, the mobility of all
metals was higher in the city sewage soil than in any of the other three soils investigated, suggesting that the former may
create a health risk by contaminating agricultural products and ground water as it also contained higher amounts of Cd and
Zn. 相似文献
64.
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67.
A. Sakaguchi K. Kawai T. Imanaka S. Endo M. Yamamoto 《The Science of the total environment》2010,408(22):5392-5398
The first results on the feasibility of using 236U to reconstruct the level and spatial distribution of close-in fallout deposition from the Hiroshima A-bomb are reported, coupled with the use of global fallout 137Cs and 239 + 240Pu. The results for global fallout 236U in soil samples (0-30 cm) from Ishikawa prefecture showed that the deposition density of 236U from the global fallout can be accurately evaluated using AMS. All deposited 236U, 137Cs and 239 + 240Pu appeared to have been recovered using 30-cm cores. It was also noted from the depth profiles for 236U/239 + 240Pu and 236U/137Cs ratios that the downward behavior of 236U in the soil was apparently similar to that of 239 + 240Pu, while the 137Cs was liable to be retained in upper layers compared with 236U and 239 + 240Pu. The accumulated levels were 1.78 × 1013 atoms m− 2 for 236U, 4340 Bq m− 2 for 137Cs and 141 Bq m− 2 for 239 + 240Pu. The ratios of 236U/137Cs and 236U/239 + 240Pu were (4.10 ± 0.12) × 109 and (1.26 ± 0.04) × 1011 atoms Bq− 1, respectively. Results of 236U, 137Cs and 239 + 240Pu measurements for the seven soil cores (0-30 cm) from Hiroshima were discussed on the basis of ratios of 236U/137Cs and 236U/239 + 240Pu by comparing with those from the background area in Ishikawa, indicating that the global fallout dominates the current level of 236U accumulation in soil in the Black-rain area around Hiroshima after the Hiroshima bomb, and the contribution of the close-in fallout 236U produced by the Hiroshima A-bomb seems difficult to observe. 相似文献
68.
An agarolytic bacterium was isolated from soil in Gifu prefecture, Japan, and identified as Bacillus sp. strain MK03. The strain secreted neoagarooligosaccharide hydroluse into the culture medium. The enzyme was purified 49.7-fold from the culture fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange and gel-filtration column chromatographic methods. The purified enzyme appeared as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE. Estimations of the molecular mass by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE gave values of 320 kDa and 42 kDa, respectively, indicating that the enzyme is octametric. The enzyme cleaved the alpha-1,3 linkage in neoagarobiose to produce 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose. It also selectively cleaved the alpha-1,3 linkage at the nonreducing end in neoagarotetraose or neoagarohexaose to give 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and agarotriose or agaropentaose. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme were 30 degrees C and 6.1, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed no homology to sequences of other known neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolases and agarases. 相似文献
69.
Kim J Yamasaki R Park J Jung H Lee H Kawai T 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2004,97(2):138-140
Protein adsorption on a gold surface is investigated by comparing the results of quartz crystal microbalance method and atomic force microscopy. The adsorption of streptavidin on functional gold surfaces is directly monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance, and confirmed by atomic force microscopy. For this investigation, a modified gold substrate is fabricated to obtain a topographic image of streptavidin molecules. Both methods show a correlation in terms of the highly dense protein single-layer formation, and the modified gold electrode shows a slightly denser protein layer formation because of the difference in substrate geometry as compared with that of a mica surface. 相似文献
70.
Kawai E Akatsuka H Sakurai N Idei A Matsumae H Shibatani T Komatsubara S Omori K 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2001,91(4):409-415
We have isolated a lipase-overproducing mutant, GE14, from Serratia marcescens 8000 after three rounds of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. The mutant GE14 produced 95 kU/ml of extracellular lipase in the lipase medium, which was about threefold higher than that of produced by the original strain 8000. Enzymatic characteristics including specific activity of purified lipases from culture supernatants of GE14 and 8000 were almost same. The lipase gene (lipA) of GE14 contained two base substitutions; one in the promoter region and another in the N-terminal region of the lipA gene without an amino acid substitution. Promoter analysis using lipA-lacZ fusion plasmids revealed that these substitutions were responsible for the increase in the lipA expression level, independently. In contrast, no base substitution was found in the genes encoding the lipase secretion device, the Lip system. In addition, the genes coding for metalloprotease and the cell surface layer protein which are both secreted through the Lip system and associated with extracellular lipase production, also contained no base substitution. The strain GE14 carrying a high-copy-number lipA plasmid produced a larger amount of the extracellular lipase than the recombinant strains of 8000 and other mutants also did, indicating that GE14 was not only a lipase-overproducing strain, but also an advantageous host strain for overproducing the lipase by a recombinant DNA technique. These results suggest that the lipase-overproducing mutant GE14 and its recombinant strains are promising candidates for the industrial production of the S. marcescens lipase. 相似文献