Fast start-up of a diesel fuel processor for PEM fuel cells

Fuel cell systems based on liquid fuels are particularly suitable for auxiliary power generation due to the high energy density of the fuel and its easy storage. Together with industrial partners, Oel-Waerme-Institut is developing a 3 kW_el PEM fuel cell system based on diesel steam reforming to be applied as an APU for caravans and yachts. The start-up time of a fuel cell APU is of crucial importance since a buffer battery has to supply electric power until the system is ready to take over. Therefore, the start-up time directly affects the battery capacity and consequently the system size, weight, and cost.     

新型COCOON手动变形机

介绍了COCOON手动变形机的特点.COCOON采用ATT和导丝盘等新部件,变形加工效率提高,通过节能注重对自然资源的节约.COCOON变形机达到了新的水平,它能使DTY加工商和下游加工商都受益.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports

Greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transport are exempt from liabilities under the Kyoto Protocol. Research into quantifying these emissions is ongoing, and influences policy proposals to reduce emissions. This paper presents a cargo-based analysis of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand's international maritime transport of goods. Maritime transport moves 99.5% (by mass) of New Zealand's internationally traded products. It is estimated that 73% of visiting vessels' activity can be directly attributed to the movement of goods in and out of New Zealand. A cargo-based methodology was used to estimate that the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports consumed 2.5 million tonnes (Mt; 2.6 billion litres) of fuel during the year 2007, which generated 7.7 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Double-counting of emissions would occur if a similar method was applied to all New Zealand's trading partners. In contrast, since few large vessels refuel in New Zealand, the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory listed 2007 international maritime transportation emissions as 0.98 Mt of CO₂, calculated from fuel bunkered for international transport. The results, therefore, show a significant difference between activity-based and bunker-fuel methodologies in quantifying New Zealand's emissions. International policy implications are discussed.     

Evaluating and comparing three community small-scale wind electrification projects

Electrification systems based on renewable energy have proven suitable for providing electricity autonomously to rural communities. Among the technical options available, wind systems are increasingly getting attention. In the northern mountains of Peru, at 3800 m.a.s.l., three community wind electrification projects have been implemented. The technical solutions used in each project are different: wind vs. hybrid photovoltaic-wind systems; individual equipment vs. microgrids. This study aims to describe, evaluate and compare these three small-scale community wind electrification projects. The evaluation of the three projects was carried out by comparing previous and present scenario; attention has been focused on project design and technical aspects, socio-economic impacts and sustainability and management model. These three examples shed light on both the advantages and disadvantages of different technological options as well as on appropriate community-level management models.     

科帕卡格拉纳建筑 奥地利维亚纳

正科帕卡格拉纳位于新多瑙河12.5公里处,毗邻Reichsbrücke大桥。出于同旧有设计保持协调性考虑,力求能让大楼融入当地环境,迎合自身功能性需要,GERNER GERNER PLUS团队充分考虑现有周边环境,对大楼重新规划设计。新的设计突显建筑的特殊性和重要性,面向河流的立面是科帕卡格拉纳大楼最重要的部分,所以设计的重点也放在了这里。现有的城市中轴线是一个参照物,为了视觉上和氛围上形成一体化城市的感     

3D Metal printed heat sinks with longitudinally varying lattice structure sizes using direct metal laser sintering

This research relates to the design, modelling and fabrication of 3D metal printed heat sinks. The heat sinks presented in the research are the commonly used longitudinal fin solid heat sink (LFSHS) and three LFSHS lattice structure designs, differing only in their lattice sizes, fabricated using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique in Maraging Steel (MS1), on an EOSINT M280 system. In order to increase the heat sink surface area, the heat sinks are manufactured with mesh lattices along the length of the fins, while keeping the overall heat sink volume constant. The research is focused on pushing the limitations of the DMLS technique for the development of repeating unit, lattice structures heat sinks, and to examine the effect of incrementally varying the lattice sizes with regards to the resultant surface area of the heat sink and the thermal performance of the system. The results obtained under natural convection show that the thermal performance of the LFSHS outperformed all lattice structure heat sinks. This is due to the fact that, the pressure drop across the lattice heat sinks were so high, due to lattice meshes that it negated the positive effect of the greater surface area.     

Design characteristics of a workload manager to aid drivers in safety–critical situations

Cognition, Technology & Work - The objective of this study was to evaluate a workload manager designed to supervise the presentation of in-vehicle information for two age groups of drivers...     

Selective clustering for representative paintings selection

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Selective classification (or rejection based classification) has been proved useful in many applications. In this paper we describe a selective clustering...