In the future, hydrogen will be an important energy carrier and industrial raw material. Catalytic steam reforming of bio-oils is a promising and economically viable technology for hydrogen production. However, during the reforming process, the catalysts are rapidly deactivated due to coke formation and sintering. Thus, maintaining the activity and stability of catalysts is the key issue in this process. Optimized operation conditions could extend the catalyst lifetime by affecting the coke morphology or promoting coke gasification. This article summarizes the recent developments in the field of catalytic steam reforming of bio-oils, focusing on the operation conditions, the properties of the catalysts, and the effects of the catalyst supports. The expected insights into the catalytic steam reforming of bio-oils will provide further guidance for hydrogen production from bio-oils. 相似文献
The design of highly stable and efficient porous materials is essential for developing breakthrough hydrocarbon separation methods based on physisorption to replace currently used energy-intensive distillation/absorption technologies. Efforts to develop advanced porous materials such as zeolites, coordination frameworks, and organic polymers have met with limited success. Here, a new class of ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with high-density inorganic anions and narrowly distributed ultramicroporosity is reported, which are synthesized by a facile free-radical polymerization using branched and amphiphilic ionic compounds as reactive monomers. A covalent and ionic dual-crosslinking strategy is proposed to manipulate the pore structure of amorphous polymers at the ultramicroporous scale. The IUPs exhibit exceptional selectivity (286.1–474.4) for separating acetylene from ethylene along with high thermal and water stability, collaboratively demonstrated by gas adsorption isotherms and experimental breakthrough curves. Modeling studies unveil the specific binding sites for acetylene capture as well as the interconnected ultramicroporosity for size sieving. The porosity-engineering protocol used in this work can also be extended to the design of other ultramicroporous materials for the challenging separation of other key gas constituents. 相似文献
Nano Research - Insufficient intratumoral penetration greatly hurdles the anticancer performance of nanomedicine. To realize highly efficient tumor penetration in a precisely and spatiotemporally... 相似文献
Reconstructing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) plays an important role in identifying the complicated regulatory relationships, uncovering regulatory patterns in cells, and gaining a systematic view for biological processes. In order to reconstruct large-scale GRNs accurately, in this paper, we first use fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs), which are a kind of cognition fuzzy influence graphs based on fuzzy logic and neural networks, to model GRNs. Then, a novel hybrid method is proposed to reconstruct GRNs from time series expression profiles using memetic algorithm (MA) combined with neural network (NN), which is labeled as MANNFCM-GRN. In MANNFCM-GRN, the MA is used to determine regulatory connections in GRNs and the NN is used to determine the interaction strength of the regulatory connections. In the experiments, the performance of MANNFCM-GRN is validated on both synthetic data and the benchmark dataset DREAM3 and DREAM4. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of MANNFCM-GRN and show that MANNFCM-GRN can reconstruct GRNs with high accuracy without expert knowledge. The comparison with existing algorithms also shows that MANNFCM-GRN outperforms ant colony optimization, non-linear Hebbian learning, and real-coded genetic algorithms.
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - To investigate the value of using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion DWI (IVIM-DWI) to assess the... 相似文献