从城市规划角度看消除贫穷

从城市规划和消除贫穷问题展开初步讨论,对城市规划未来的新思维及方向提出建议。文章概述了城市规划专业的历史因由、其为公共政策手段及其和城市问题的渊源,讨论近数十年来城市规划理念及方法的进化,及近年针对城市贫穷问题的新发展,再进一步提出新角度去改进当前城市规划思维、手段及过程,以供城市规划决策者作进一步参考和探讨。     

Planning and Construction of Low Carbon Cities:The Relevance of Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cities are the major source of carbon dioxide emissions in China,and are the critical locations where emissions should be effectively managed.Adopting a low carbon urban development model is the pathway towards reducing the emissions.A low carbon city development model means achieving efficient and effective urban growth through low energy consumption and low emissions.While many local authorities in China have started to express the intention to construct low carbon cities,it is important to emphasize the need to apply a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to low carbon urban policies and development projects.Since all policies and projects will have their costs and benefits to the society,the effects of the policies and projects on reducing emissions should be measured and assessed objectively.Through the setting up of an analysis framework to assess the costs and benefits,one can provide a scientific basis for decision making,and enhance the overall efficiency in the use of resources for the society as a whole.     

温室气体清单在城乡规划建设管理中的应用

城市温室气体清单是重要的,可以提供具体制定应对气候变化问题政策的客观科学基础。本文阐述城市编制温室气体排放清单的重要性,回顾目前在地方区域的温室气体排放清单研究工作,讨论它们对地方政府制定应对气候变化政策的应用局限。再指出可以按城乡规划管理体系为平台,把国家温室气体排放清单框架进一步深化,建立一个按低碳城市发展政策手段和治理职能匹配的清单框架,并考虑到空间边界对排放量计算的问题。城乡规划管理作为协调城市地域内经济、社会活动和土地、资源使用、基建等元素的法定平台,需要按规划编制温室气体排放情景,加强城乡规划应对气候变化政策效用和操作性。最后建议在此理念和初步研究成果上,进一步开展未来的工作。     

LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN THE GREEN-LIPPED MUSSEL PERNA VIRIDIS (L.)

The lipid content and fatty acid profile in soft tissue of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis, a widely distributed tropical and subtropical bivalve species, were investigated. The total and neutral lipid contents were 6.17 ± 0.71 and 2.71 ± 0.42 mg per 100 mg dw, respectively. The content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) was 24.38 ± 2.50 mg/g dw whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) was present at 12.29 ± 2.12 mg/g dw. These two fatty acids were also at the top high percentage among all the fatty acids, with 38.06 ± 0.86% and 17.89 ± 1.24% (w/w) in total lipids and 34.64 ± 2.74% and 20.33 ± 1.05% (w/w) in neutral lipids, respectively. Therefore, green-lipped mussel is a rich source of DHA and EPA, the two n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial to human health and nutrition.     

改进的项目制造方案的物料需求计划运算逻辑

在企业资源计划系统中引入项目制造方案,体现了按订单制造是精益生产的理念。本文在对项目制造方案的实践应用中,不仅发现了项目制造方案在主生产计划运算逻辑上的局限性,并且在实践中对此局限性从逻辑和程序本身上进行了改进,从而克服了冗余库存的管理瓶颈,为进一步降低库存、减少资源浪费提出了新思路。     

一种基于相位相关电流差动的站域后备保护算法

传统站域电流差动后备保护,存在当比率系数单调变化时,区内区外故障的灵敏性呈现相斥变化的缺点;以及在区外故障CT饱和情况下保护误动的弊端。为了克服上述缺点,提出了相位相关电流差动的站域后备保护算法。理论分析表明其随着比率系数的单调增加,在区内与区外故障灵敏性都增加;而随着接地电阻的增大,其相较传统差动灵敏性提高;同时其还能克服传统站域电流差动在区外故障CT饱和情况下保护误动的缺点。最后利用PSCAD软件搭建了站域模型,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。