A Public Relations Tool.

The author commends the APA for the pamphlet on public relations. Informing the public so that psychology and the work of psychologists, both pure and applied, will be favorably understood by leaders of public opinion deserves repeated emphasis. The author believes that we should push this program whenever feasible and appropriate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The conservation of human talent.

The history of the application of psychological findings to problems of education, occupational adjustment, and social adjustment is reviewed. Data on occupational choices, social status of various occupations, dissatisfaction with life work, and related matters are presented. 2 case histories are outlined in fair detail. One of these is cited as "a concrete example of the kind of vocational counseling needed to conserve human talent in our society." The other illustrates "a general failure of our society, in the past, to recognize and to utilize 'better than average scholastic and mechanical aptitude' from the time he left school at the turn of the century to the time of a national emergency." Problems involving resistance to hiring properly qualified, physically handicapped persons, failure to utilize the ever increasing number and proportion of older persons in our society, and widespread minority group discrimination are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of educational and vocational counseling in reducing and preventing occupational counseling in reducing and preventing occupational maladjustment in our society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Planar acyclic computation

This paper considers the following problem: given a specification consisting of a set of variables X, a multiset of functions F on those variables, and a cyclic ordering on X F, determine whether or not there exists a planar acyclic circuit which realizes the specification. An algorithm is given which produces such a circuit whenever one exists. In proving that our algorithm meets this requirement we provide some simple mathematical characterizations of those specifications which are realizable.     

DR/CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptides) and DR/peptide complexes colocalize in prelysosomes in human B lymphoblastoid cells

In APCs, MHC class II molecules (MHC class II) bind antigenic peptides after HLA-DM mediated removal of CLIP. To characterize intracellular sites of peptide loading in human B lymphoblastoid cell lines, we conducted immunoelectron microscopy studies with Abs recognizing MHC class II associated with CLIP or bound peptide, respectively, together with Abs to HLA-DM and endocytic markers. The distribution of these molecules indicates that peptide binding occurs in compartments with characteristics of normal late endosomes, and in compartments that show characteristics of late endosomes, but are not detectably accessed by endocytosed BSA-gold. The latter compartments may represent or give rise to recycling vesicles that deliver peptide-loaded class II molecules to the cell surface. In addition, we have compared cells in which HLA-DM and HLA-DR interaction is defective with cells in which this interaction is intact, and find that DM/DR interaction is not required for the proper localization of either molecule to peptide-loading compartments.     

[Review of Sexual behavior in the human female; Sex ethics and the Kinsey reports; and Twenty-five years of sex research. History of the National Research Council Committee for Research in Problems of Sex, 1922-1947].

Reviews the books Sexual behavior in the human female by A. C. Kinsey et al. (see record 1954-05526-000); Sex ethics and the Kinsey reports by S. Hiltner (1953); and Twenty-five years of sex research. History of the National Research Council Committee for Research in Problems of Sex, 1922-1947 by Sophie D. Aberle, and G. W. Corner (see record 1954-02151-000). Concerning the first book, this review merely points to the facts that have been marshalled in the enormous range of individual differences in reported capacity, or rather claimed performance, and to the extensive detailed information set forth in Part III entitled "Comparisons of Female and Male." The sex difference shown by the fact that in 30 out of 33 items the male, on the average, is more readily affected by psychological stimuli is worthy of special note. This finding provides a wealth of insight for better understanding of the psychology of human males and females. Hiltner's work will aid many clergymen to assimilate the findings with a minimum of trauma. It should enable them to do a better job of understanding and counseling their parishoners, young or old. The significance of Kinsey's work and of Hiltner's interpretation can be fully understood only by studying the magnificent achievements of the NRC Committee for Research in Problems of Sex. Aberle and Corner's report gives due credit to Robert M. Yerkes who was chairman from 1922 to 1947. Yerkes' foresight, initiative, tact, courage, and everlasting persistence were primarily responsible for this development. The Committee courageously supported research on all aspects of sex in all species from paramecium to man. Thus psychology has moved from an intellectualistic preoccupation with man as a rational being to a more realistic understanding of man as a behaving organism in all of his manifold adjustments. In short, sex can no longer be ignored. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The physico-chemical composition of New Zealand lemon oil

Physical and chemical characteristics of cold-pressed lemon peel oil from New Zealand lemons were determined. Combined gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques showed that the low optical rotation (α_D²⁰ =+53.3) was due to a higher β-pinene to limonene ratio than is usual in cold-pressed lemon oils from other countries. The results of analysis indicate that the New Zealand oil has a high quality and a high commercial value.     

Review of A company guide to the selection of salesmen.

Reviews the book "A company guide to the selection of salesmen" by M. Mandell. This report discusses current practices of 180 manufacturing firms in selecting salesmen. The report is, in effect, a manual for sales managers and relatively untrained sales personnel workers. Research evidence is conspicuous by its absence. The personnel psychologist, however, will be pleased to note the repeated pleas made by Mandell for sales organizations to base their selection programs on the results of personnel research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Weak correlation between the aberration dynamics of the human eye and the cardiopulmonary system

It is fairly well established that the higher-order aberrations of the eye fluctuate over relatively short time periods, but as yet there is no conclusive evidence regarding the origin of these fluctuations. We measured the aberrations and the pulse pressure wave simultaneously for five subjects. The aberrations were measured by using a Shack-Hartmann sensor sampling at 21.2 Hz. We decomposed the aberration data into Zernike coefficients up to and including fifth order and also calculated the rms wave-front error. From the pulse data the heart rate variability signal was also derived. Coherence function analysis showed that for all subjects there was a weak correlation between many of the aberrations and the pulse and the derived heart rate variability. The pulse and the heart rate variability can account for only 11% +/- 2% and 20% +/- 2%, respectively, of the aberration dynamics.     

Review of Know your reader: the scientific approach to readability.

Reviews the book Know your reader: The scientific approach to readability, by George R. Klare and Byron Buck (see record 1955-00831-000). This book is an important contribution to the growing literature on problems of communication. The three-word title shifts attention from the writer to the reader. And the five-word subtitle tells the communicator that this book will force him to consider the arts of rhetoric and composition and to plunge into the domain of the science of readability. The general objective of the book is to provide writers with information that will help them to communicate more effectively. The reviewer feels that the serious student of communication, whether he be a writer or a psychologist, will welcome this book because it brings together the facts and principles contained in the comprehensive 193-item bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)