Fault diagnosis of internal combustion engines using visual dot patterns of acoustic and vibration signals

An investigation of the fault diagnosis technique in internal combustion engines based on the visual dot pattern of acoustic and vibration signals is presented in this paper. Acoustic emissions and vibration signals are well known as being able to be used for monitoring the conditions of rotating machineries. Most of the conventional methods for fault diagnosis using acoustic and vibration signals are primarily based on observing the amplitude differences in the time or frequency domain. Unfortunately, the signals caused by damaged elements, such as those buried in broadband background noise or from smearing problems arising in practical applications, particularly at low revolution, are not always available. In the present study, a visual dot pattern technique is proposed to identify the acoustic emission and vibration signals for fault diagnosis in an internal combustion engine and drive axle shaft. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed system for fault diagnosis under various fault conditions. The experimental results indicate that the proposed technique is effective in the fault diagnosis of an internal combustion engine and drive axle shaft.     

Mechanisms of nanostructure and metastable phase formations in the surface melted layers of a HCPEB-treated D2 steel

This work investigates the mechanism of surface modification associated with the high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment of a D2 steel with increasing numbers of pulses. The surface layers were melted and resolidified but the treated surfaces showed very different features. This variation is essentially due to the different levels of homogeneity and carbide dissolution. It is demonstrated that the presence of carbides served as nucleation sites for the surface eruption phenomenon that creates craters on the surface. After a sufficient number of pulses, most of the carbides in the surface layer were dissolved and an almost crater-free homogeneous melted layer consisting of a very stable nano-austenite structure was formed. The HCPEB technique is thus demonstrated to be a versatile technique for surface microstructure modification involving, in the case of steels, austenite stabilization and ultrafine grain formation.     

Improvement of Wear Resistance of Magnesium Alloy AZ91HP by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam Treatment

MAGNESIUM ALLOYS exhibit high strength toweight ratio and stiffness and are finding theirapplications in air,automobile and electronic industries.Despite the worldwide growing interests inmagnesium alloys,their inferior wear resistance is aserious impediment.Considering that wear is asurface-related behavior,surface modification canresolve the problem.Recently,intense and pulsed energetic beams areemerging as new and effective methods for surfacemodification.The High Current Pulsed Ele…     

Zr-Al-Co块状非晶的成分优化

运用等电子浓度和变电子浓度线判据实现了Zr—Al—Co块状非晶合金的成分优化．在(Al50Co50)-Zr等电子浓度线(e／α=1．5)和(Zr9Co4)—Al及(Zr78．5Co21．5)—Al变电子浓度线上设计成分，并通过吸铸法制备块状合金．实验结果表明，在(Al50Co50)—Zr等电子浓度线和(Zr9Co4)—Al变电子浓度线上可形成块状非晶合金，且非晶合金的热稳定性与非晶形成能力随电子浓度的增大而单调递增．其中，(Al50Co50)-Zr等电子浓度线和(Zr9Co4)—Al变电子浓度线交点处形成的Zr53Al23．5Co23．5非晶合金，具有最大的热稳定性和非晶形成能力，特征热力学参数Tg=783K，Tx=849K，Tg／Tm=0．637，Tg／Ti=0．590。     

Interfacial reactions of liquid Sn and Sn-3.5Ag solders with Ag thick films

The interfacial reactions of liquid Sn and Sn-3.5Ag solders with Ag thick films are investigated in the temperature range from 250–325 °C, and the morphology of intermetallic compounds formed after such soldering reactions is observed. In kinetics analysis of the growths of intermetallic compounds, it was found that both Sn/Ag and Sn-3.5Ag/Ag reactions were interfacial-controlled, and the growth rates for both cases were similar. The rate of Ag dissolution into liquid solder attendant on the formation of interfacial intermetallic compounds after Sn/Ag reaction was about four times higher than that after Sn-3.5Ag/Ag reaction, as evidenced by experimental results.     

Improvement of wear resistance of AZ31 and AZ91HP by high current pulsed electron beam treatment

The surface modification of magnesium alloys （AZ31 and AZ91 HP） was studied by a high current pulsed electron beam（HCPEB）. The results show that the cross-sectional microhardness of treated samples increases not only in the heat affected zone（ HAZ）, but also beyond HAZ, reaching over 250μm. This is due to the action of quasi-static thermal stress and the shock thermal stress wave with materials, which result in its fast deformation on the surface layer and so increases microhardness. For the AZ91HP alloy, a nearly complete dissolution of the intermetallic phase Mg17Al12 is observed, and a super-saturated solid solution forms on the re-melted surface, which is due to the solute trapping effect during the fast solidification process. Measurements on sliding wear show that wear resistance is improved by approximately 5.6 and 2.4 times for the AZ31 and AZ91HP respectively, as compared with as-received samples.     

Joining alumina to inconel 600 and UMCo-50 superalloys using an Sn10Ag4Ti active filler metal

Alumina ceramics were brazed to Inconel 600 and UMCo-50 superalloys at 900 °C for 10 min using an Sn10Ag4Ti active filler metal. The brazing filler showed good wettability on alumina and superalloys. The flexural strengths were 69 and 57 MPa for alumina/Inconel 600 and alumina/UMCo-50 joints, respectively. In both cases, the brazed specimens fractured along the Sn10Ag4Ti/superalloy interfaces after four-point bending tests. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) elemental mapping revealed that the Ni of Inconel 600 and the Co of UMCo-50 dissolved into Sn10Ag4Ti filler metal, which serves to reinforce the weak Sn10Ag4Ti matrix.     

Understanding the intentions of users to ‘stick’ to social networking sites: a case study in Taiwan

Social networking sites (SNSs) are the most popular social platforms for developing personal networks. They provide multiple interactive functions for users to create and use large social networks. To determine why people exhibit ‘stickiness’ to SNSs, this study uses the uses and gratifications theory as an underlying structure and builds the research model with factors of motivational needs and interactivity. Our results showed that social needs, information needs, human–message interaction, and human–human interaction are crucial factors that affect the ‘stickiness’ of users to SNSs. The implications of these findings are presented in this paper.     

基于传感器的飞机地面结霜实验分析与预测

飞机在地面的结霜会破坏飞机的气动外形,对飞机的飞行性能产生不利的影响。为了对地面飞机结霜进行准确监测与预测,利用多种传感器对机翼的结霜环境进行实验研究,通过分析不同环境下模拟机翼的霜层生长曲线,探寻和统计飞机机翼的地面结霜规律。对结霜实验的数据进行分析,提出了不同结霜环境下的多项式回归预测模型。同时将多项式进行正交化,避免了多重共线性,使预测模型的曲线拟合程度高,预测值具有较高的精度,实现了对飞机的地面结霜进行快速精确的预测。     

基于STC89C52单片机的循迹智能车控制系统设计

该文采用STC89C52单片机为核心控制单元,通过控制2个L298N电机驱动模块控制四个电机的正反转,实现智能车的差速控制;利用4个红外光电传感器以阶梯状均匀分布模式布置在智能车前部,用于采集路面的信息以实现循迹功能。该文详细论述了智能车控制系统的具体设计方案,以及智能车控制系统的软硬件实现过程,并且具体分析了智能车的车身结构对其速度和转向的影响。实验证明,该系统能很好地满足智能车对路径的识别和抗干扰能力较强的要求,智能车速度调节响应时间快,稳态误差小,具有较好的动态性能和良好的鲁棒性[1-4]。