Integrated rough machining methodology for centrifugal impeller manufacturing

In mechanical engineering, most products or components, especially those for aerospace applications, are designed to fit the requirements of free-form surface features. The impeller often required by 5-axis machine operations is a key component of the aerospace industry. When 3-axis CNC machining center is used to manufacture the impeller, great difficulties, i.e., collisions between the cutting tool and impeller, need to be overcome. Presently most commercial CAM systems for 5-axis control lack generality, and functions for the rough tool-path generation are far from sufficient. Although the rough machining is the most important procedure influencing the machining efficiency and the condition for the following finishing process, many difficulties arise in performing 5-axis rough machining. The main objective of the present study is to overcome this problem by integrating the state-of-art machining technology, and consequently effective rough tool-paths are to be generated. This study aims to implement the algorithm of the constant scallop height method to improve tool-path planning of rough machining. As a result CL data based on the geometry model of blade and hub are generated. The CL data are confirmed by comparing them with original CAD model through software simulations and later by machining experiments. The verification results show that the machining methodology and procedure adopted turn out to be a successful case.     

Development of micro-and nanorobotics: A review

Micro-and nanorobotic is an emerging field of research arising from the cross-fusion of micro/nano technology and robotics and has become an important part of robotics. Micro-and nanorobots have the advantages of small size, low weight, large thrust-toweight ratio, high flexibility, and high sensitivity. Due to the characteristics distinguishing from macroscopic robots, micro-and nanorobots have stimulated the research interest of the scientific community and opened up numerous application fields such as drug delivery and disease diagnosis. In the past 30 years, research on micro-and nanorobots has made considerable progress.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the development of these robots. First, the application of the robots is reviewed. Then, the key components of the robots are discussed separately, covering their actuation, design, fabrication and control. In addition, from the perspectives of intelligence and sensing, clinical applications, materials and performance, the challenges that may be encountered in the development of such robots in the future are discussed. Finally, the entire article is summarized, and concepts for future micro-and nanorobots are described.     

OWL本体在纺织企业的应用

探讨了本体技术和Web技术对纺织企业资源系统的支持。根据纺织企业的特点设计和建立了系统各模块的本体模型,并采用OWL本体语言对部分模块进行形式化描述。以某纺织企业的信息系统为实例,说明了OWL本体在纺织企业系统中的应用。结果表明,此模型能实现语义查询、信息共享和系统间的集成。纺织企业本体是企业内部或企业间公共的知识化描述,不仅可以促进知识共享和语义互操作问题,还方便了纺织企业内部和企业间知识管理和信息交换。     

电磁声发射技术在无损检测中的应用

电磁声发射技术是通过对导电部件进行电磁加载产生洛仑兹力,进而激发声发射效应,并通过此效应来进行无损检测.它可以定位薄金属板中微小的缺陷或裂缝,而且不需要完全加载,集合了电磁无损检测技术和声发射无损检测技术的优点.建立了电磁声发射的有限元模型,分析了试件在不同加载条件下的形变,对比了几个加载因素对电磁声发射的影响,并对试件进行了温升分析.在数值分析的基础上进行了电磁声发射实验,得到了电磁声发射信号,并对缺陷进行定位.     

基于ZigBee技术的住宅小区远程电能抄表系统研究

本文对基于ZigBee技术的住宅小区远程电能抄表系统进行了研究,实现了电能计量和无线传输相结合.提出住宅小区远程电能抄表系统的设计方案,对远程抄表系统中硬件电路进行了设备选型,对其软件进行了设计.本文所提方案为无线抄表系统的应用开发提供了理论参考.     

OWL本体在纺织企业的应用

探讨了本体技术和Web技术对纺织企业资源系统的支持。根据纺织企业的特点设计和建立了系统各模块的本体模型,并采用OWL本体语言对部分模块进行形式化描述。以某纺织企业的信息系统为实例,说明了OWL本体在纺织企业系统中的应用。结果表明,此模型能实现语义查询、信息共享和系统间的集成。纺织企业本体是企业内部或企业间公共的知识化描述,不仅可以促进知识共享和语义互操作问题,还方便了纺织企业内部和企业间知识管理和信息交换。     

β brass bicrystal stress-strain relations

The stress-strain relations of three isoaxial and one nonisoaxial bicrystal whose grain boundaries are parallel to the stress axis have been studied. From one set of isoaxial bicrystals it has been possible, for a given strain, to determine the average stress in the grain boundary deformation zone from the relationship where σ _T is the applied stress, σ _b is the single crystal flow stress for the given strain, andV _gb is the volume fraction of grain boundary deformation zone. was determined from measured values of σ _T , σ _b , andV _gb . From these data and it was possible to extrapolate to the grain boundary to obtain σ _gb , the grain boundary stress. From the nonisoaxial bicrystal series containing a hard and a soft component, it was possible to determine at a given strain the stresses in each component and therefore the stress-strain relations from the relationship where and are the average stress in the hard and soft components respectively, andV _H andV _S are the corresponding volume fractions. The remaining two isoaxial bicrystal series were used to evaluate strengthening effects of bicrystal boundaries. YII-DER CHUANG, formerly Graduate Student, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences, School of Engineering, New York University, Bronx, N. Y. 10453 This paper is based on a thesis submitted by Yii-der Chuang in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in metallurgy at New York University, New York, N. Y.     

去氢枞酸甲酯选择性硝化反应的研究

采用均匀设计方法深入研究了去氢枞酸甲酯在HNO3-Ac2O-AcOH体系中选择性硝化的反应条件.通过理论计算和实验验证获得去氢枞酸甲酯选择性硝化的较优反应条件如下:n(硝酸):n(去氢枞酸甲酯)为3:1、混合溶剂中乙酐与乙酸的体积比为7:1、反应温度为20℃、反应时间为60 min.此时12-硝基去氢枞酸甲酯和14-硝基去氢枞酸甲酯的总产率由50%提高到84.6%,其中12-硝基去氢枞酸甲酯的产率达到64.0%、14-硝基去氢枞酸甲酯的产率达到20.6%,二者的产率比约为3.1:1.12-硝基去氢枞酸甲酯的反应产率和选择性都明显高于文献报道值.     

强流脉冲电子束轰击作用下的扩散模型及其数值计算

在温度场和应力场计算的基础上建立了强流脉冲电子束轰击作用下的扩散模型,并给出了数值方法及其数值解。该模型与方法同样适用于其它高能束流作用下的扩散过程。计算表明,浓度扩散流仍然是影响扩散的主要因素;而轰击超过一定次数后,扩散的作用将减弱;当边界条件为表面扩散时,扩散进行较快,这是表面涂覆加脉冲电子束后处理快速表面合金化工艺的理论基础。对实验结果和理论结果的对比分析表明,在脉冲轰击下,扩散激活能随空位浓度的增加而下降,从而加速扩散过程;在表面有熔化的情况下,则液态时的对流混合作用是主导因素。     

Development of an objective mental workload assessment tool based on Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework

It is important to monitor operators’ mental workload during the operation phase. Physiological measurement approaches could record the operator's mental data continuously, and might be less interruptive on the work activities. However, these methods often require the attachment of physical sensors, which are not unobtrusive in the physical sense. Furthermore, the individual difference makes calibrating to each individual tedious and requires trained persons to use. Often high noise-to-signal ratio data are hard to analyze. Due to these factors, physiological workload measurements are hardly widely applied in practical fields. In this study, an objective, non-intrusive and performance-based mental workload predictive model was proposed with high validity (R² = 0.51), which can be applied during the operation phrase. This model, developed based on the Rasmussen's skill–rule–knowledge framework, is comprised of two novel cognitive indices, the attention required index and uncertainty index. It can be used as the basis for establishing an early online warning system automatically. Furthermore, this model also predicts the types of error-prone tasks. This kind of information is expected to provide managers and supervisors with opportunities to intervene and improve tasks before error occurred. Finally, the predictive model proposed in this paper requires more practical application in fields to be completed.