Utilization of Grid partitioning based Fuzzy inference system approach as a novel method to estimate solubility of hydrocarbons in carbon dioxide

Recently due to increasing demand for energy and declination of oil reservoir the researchers have been encouraged to investigate the enhancement of oil recovery (EOR) approaches. One of popular and wide applicable processes in EOR is carbon dioxide injection which is attractive for researchers and industries due to environmentally aspects, good efficiency in displacement and low cost. The carbon dioxide injection causes the hydrocarbons extracted from crude oil so the solubility of hydrocarbon in carbon dioxide which is one of the critical parameters affects this phenomenon becomes interesting topic for researchers. In the present work Grid partitioning based Fuzzy inference system approach as a new method for prediction of solubility of hydrocarbons in carbon dioxide as function of temperature, pressure and carbon number of alkane was applied. To show the accuracy of the model the coefficients of determination were determined as 0.9902 and 0.9584 for training and testing phases respectively.     

Application of Grid partitioning based Fuzzy inference system and ANFIS as novel approach for modeling of Athabasca bitumen and tetradecane mixture viscosity

The heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs have effective role on supplying energy due to their availability in the world. The bitumen has extremely high viscosity so this type of reservoirs has numerous problems in production and trans- portation.one of the common approach for reduction of viscosity is injection of solvents such as tetradecane. In the present study the Grid partitioning based Fuzzy inference system was coupled with ANFIS to propose a novel algorithm for prediction of bitumen and tetradecane mixture viscosity in terms of pressure, temperature and weight fraction of the tetradecane. In the present study, the coefficients of determination for training and testing phases are determined as 0.9819 and 0.9525 respectively and the models are visualized and compared with experimental data in literature. According to the results the predicting method has acceptable accuracy for prediction of bitumen and tetradecane mixture viscosity.     

Effects of the porous medium and water-silver biological nanofluid on the performance of a newly designed heat sink by using first and second laws of thermodynamics

The aim of this numerical investigation is to evaluate the laminar forced convection of biologically synthesized water-silver nanofluid through a heat sink (HS) filled with porous foam (PHS) using first and second laws of thermodynamics. The impacts of inlet velocity (V=0.5-3 m·s^-1) and volume fraction of nanofluid (φ=0-1%) on the performance metrics of HS are assessed and the outcomes are compared with those of the non-porous HS (NHS). The outcomes revealed that for both the PHS and NHS, the increase of V causes an intensification in convection coefficient, pumping power, and entropy generation due to fluid friction, while the maximum CPU temperature, thermal resistance, and entropy generation due to the heat transfer reduces by boosting V. Also, it was found that the augmentation of V results in intensification in convection coefficient, pumping power, overall hydrothermal performance, and frictional entropy generation, while the opposite is true for maximum CPU temperature, thermal resistance, and thermal entropy generation. Furthermore, it was reported that, except for φ=0.5%, the overall hydrothermal performance of NHS is better than that of PHS, while PHS has better second-law performance than NHS in all the studied cases. Also, it can be concluded that the best hydrothermal performance for PHS belongs to φ= 1% and V=0.5 m·s^-1, while for NHS, these values are 1% and 2 m·s^-1.     

Physicochemical properties and organoleptic aspects of ice cream enriched with microencapsulated pistachio peel extract

The purpose of this study was to produce a functional ice cream by the addition of microcapsules of pistachio peel extract (MPPE). Various properties of the resulting ice cream were investigated. By increasing the amount of MPPE the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity increased about 2.0‐ and 3.7‐fold, respectively, compared with the control sample. The rheological properties of the mixes were fitted by the Power Law model. All mixes showed non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour. By increasing the concentration of MPPE, the consistency coefficient (m), viscosity, and shear sensitivity were increased, but the flow behaviour index (n) decreased. The addition of MPPE to ice cream mixes improved the melting resistance, first dripping times and functional properties of ice cream such as antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The results of the sensory analysis showed that the addition of MPPE had no significant effect on the overall acceptability of the product. Based on our findings, MPPE has the potential to be used as an added‐value ingredient in the ice cream industry to enhance the functional properties of their products.     

Investigation of free vibration response of smart sandwich micro-beam on Winkler–Pasternak substrate exposed to multi physical fields

Microsystem Technologies - In this paper, free vibration analysis of sandwich composite micro-beam (SCMB) subjected to multi physical fields is investigated using the sinusoidal shear deformation...     

Detection of charge storage on molecular thin films of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) by Kelvin force microscopy: a candidate system for high storage capacity memory cells

Retention and diffusion of charge in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)) molecular thin films are investigated by injecting electrons and holes via a biased conductive atomic force microscopy tip into the Alq(3) films. After the charge injection, Kelvin force microscopy measurements reveal minimal changes with time in the spatial extent of the trapped charge domains within Alq(3) films, even for high hole and electron densities of >10(12) cm(-2). We show that this finding is consistent with the very low mobility of charge carriers in Alq(3) thin films (<10(-7) cm(2)/(Vs)) and that it can benefit from the use of Alq(3) films as nanosegmented floating gates in flash memory cells. Memory capacitors using Alq(3) molecules as the floating gate are fabricated and measured, showing durability over more than 10(4) program/erase cycles and the hysteresis window of up to 7.8 V, corresponding to stored charge densities as high as 5.4 × 10(13) cm(-2). These results demonstrate the potential for use of molecular films in high storage capacity nonvolatile memory cells.     

Broadcasting with hard deadlines in wireless multihop networks using network coding

Broadcasting with network coding mixes packets to minimize the number of transmissions, which improves the energy efficiency of wireless networks. On the other hand, delaying the transmissions increases coding opportunities at intermediate nodes, but increases the delay of packets. In this paper, we consider these two contradicting factors and study the problem of minimizing the number of transmissions in wireless networks while meeting the deadline constraints. We show that this problem is NP‐complete; therefore, we provide a heuristic to solve it. First, we construct broadcasting trees, each of them rooted at one source. We then specify overlapping conditions based on the constructed trees, to determine the number of transmissions each node has to perform without the deadline constraints. Then, we partition the set of packets such that coding is performed among the packets of the same partition, which does not result in deadline misses. Linear coding may not be applicable in some wireless networks because of its computational complexity. For these networks, we propose three XOR coding approaches, which rely only on local neighborhood information. Simulation results show that our techniques not only reduce the number of transmissions but also allow the majority of nodes to receive the packets on time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of Persian Gulf tidal zone exposure on durability of mixes containing silica fume and blast furnace slag

In this research the performance of cement paste and concrete mixes incorporating 7% and 10% of silica fume (SF) as a cement replacement was investigated in three exposure conditions. The results showed that plain type II portland cement performed better than blended SF cement under cyclic wetting and drying conditions. Silica fume specimens under cyclic wetting and drying conditions in simulated seawater exhibited higher strength loss compared to plain type II portland cement where cured under potable water. In addition, the greater the silica fume amount used in the mixes, the more the capillary water absorption under tidal zone exposure or/and under wetting and drying simulation. Further, the ternary blended ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) mix was the worst performing mix in all exposure conditions.