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21.
What are the key elements of a sustainable university? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nowadays, the principles of sustainable development are becoming increasingly important and universities are acting as agents
in promoting these principles within society. In the future, universities will inevitably play crucial role in propagating
these principles. This paper highlights important documents and discusses definitions of the term education for sustainable development. Elements, based on continuous feedback loop (Deming spiral) are discussed, in order to incorporate sustainability principles
into university activities. The University of Maribor has been used as a case study to test the effectiveness of the proposed
integration of sustainable development principles. 相似文献
22.
Residual fracture energy of high-performance and normal concrete subject to high temperatures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Test data on the residual fracture energy of two significantly different concrete types are presented. About 80 beams of high
performance basalt concrete and ordinary gravel concrete have been tested in accordance with the RILEM work of fracture method.
The beams are heated at 1°C per minute up to a certain maximum temperature and kept at this temperature for 8 hours before
cooling them back to room temperature and testing in three-point bending.
The tests show that the two concretes behave almost identifical when the fracture energyG
F is considered as a function of maximum temperature. It is found that the damage introduced by a maximum temperature of 300
to 400°C increases the fracture energy by 50% compared with the reference tests at room temperature. A more tortuous crack
surface is one plausible explanation for the significant increase inG
F.
The article also presents temperature and weight loss recordings from the heating scenarios and finally, the characteristic
length and the cohesive tensile softening curve are shown to depend on the maximum temperature. Basically it is demonstrated
that the temperature exposure makes the concrete significantly more ductile.
Résumé Des données sur l'énergie résiduelle de rupture de deux bétons différents sont présentées. Environ 80 poutres de béton à base de basalte de très haute performance et de béton à base de gravier ordinaire ont été examinées conformément au travaux de la RILEM sur l'énergie de rupture. Les poutres sont chauffées à 1°C par minute jusqu'à une température maximale, puis maintenues à cette température pendant 8 heures avant d'être refroidies de nouveau à la température ambiante. Les poutres sont ensuite testées en flexion (système de flexion en trois points). Les essais prouvent que les deux bétons se comportent d'une manière presque identique quandG F est considéré comme une fonction de la température maximale. On peut aussi constater que le dommage occasionné par une température maximale de 300 à 400°C augmente l'énergie de rupture de 50% par comparaison aux essais de référence réalisés à la température ambiante. Une surface de rupture plus tortueuse semble être une explication plausible pour l'augmentation significative deG F. L'article présente également les évolutions de la température et de la perte de poids pour les scénarios de chauffage utilisés. En conclusion, cette étude montre que la longueur caractéristique et la courbe de post pic dépendent de la température maximale. Fondamentalement cela démontre que l'exposition à la température rend le béton sensiblement plus ductile.相似文献
23.
J. Gajdoš Kljusurić 《Sadhana》2003,28(6):991-998
This work is an experimental study of the differential scanning calorimetry characterisation of polymer materials used in
food packaging materials, such as polypropylene (0.03 mm), polyethylene (0.1 and 0.03 mm), poly(D-(-)-Β-hydroxybutyrate) (powder),
two-layered polypropylene (0.064 mm), and two-layered polypropylene with poly-vinylidene-chloride (0.012/0.021). The polymer
stability was checked by simulation of conditions during food preparation in microwave ovens, sterilisation or rapid freezing.
The materials were tested in the temperature range from 40 to 200‡C at different scan rates from 2 to 30°C min−1 during heating or cooling. The enthalpies show a high correlation coefficient (0.964) with scan rate. All samples undergo
phase change in the temperature range from 107 to 173°C during heating and enthalpies are in the range from 31.8 to 71.1Jg−1. Upon subsequent cooling from 200°C, the temperature range of phase changes is shifted to lower temperatures from 86 to 102°C
with enthalpies ranging from 30.4 to 57.8 J g−1.
Experiments with exposure of polymers to microwave radiation and freezing prove that the phase change considering the temperature
range is very similar in all experiments. 相似文献
24.
This paper addresses one of the central problems arising at the transfer stage in machine translation: syntactic mismatches,
that is, mismatches between a source-language sentence structure and its equivalent target-language sentence structure. The
level at which we assume the transfer to be carried out is the Deep-Syntactic Structure (DSyntS) as proposed in the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT). DSyntS is abstract enough to avoid all types of divergences that result
either from restricted lexical co-occurrence or from surface-syntactic discrepancies between languages. As for the remaining
types of syntactic divergences, all of them occur not only interlinguistically, but also intralinguistically; this means that
establishing correspondences between semantically equivalent expressions of the source and target languages that diverge with
respect to their syntactic structure is nothing else than paraphrasing. This allows us to adapt the powerful intralinguistic
paraphrasing mechanism developed in MTT for purposes of interlinguistic transfer. 相似文献
25.
John R. Clem Zhidong Hao Ljiljana Dobrosavljević-Grujić Zoran Radović 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1992,88(3-4):213-219
We present a generalized variational model of an isolated vortex, valid in the anisotropic case when the external magnetic field is along one of the symmetry directions. We discuss the effects of the field anisotropy on the core and magnetic pinning of individual vortices. 相似文献
26.
Coupling GIS with Hydrologic and Hydraulic Flood Modelling 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Nunes Correia Francisco Castro Rego Filipe Da Grača Saraiva Maria Ramos Isabel 《Water Resources Management》1998,12(3):229-249
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been recognised as a powerful means to integrate and analyse data from various sources in the context of comprehensive floodplain management. As part of this comprehensive approach to floodplain management, it is very important to be able to predict the consequences of different scenarios in terms of flooded areas and associated risk. Hydrologic and hydraulic modelling plays a crucial role and there is much to gain in incorporating these modelling capabilities in GIS. This is still a rather complex task and research is being done on the full integration of these models. Interfacing between these models and GIS may be a very efficient way of overcoming the difficulties and getting very good results in terms of engineering practice. This paper presents results based on the use of Intergraph GIS coupled with Idrisi GIS. Using these two systems substantially increased the flexibility of using GIS as a tool for flood studies. A lumped (XSRAIN) and a distributed (OMEGA) hydrologic models were used to simulate flood hydrographs. The well known HEC-2 Hydraulic model was used to compute flooded areas. These models were applied in the Livramento catchment with very good results. The computation of flooded areas for different flood scenarios, and its representation in GIS, can be used in the assessment of affected property and associated damages. This is a very useful GIS-based approach to floodplain management. 相似文献
27.
How to Control Robots Interacting with Dynamic Environment 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Miomir Vukobratović 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》1997,19(2):119-152
The goal of this paper is to shed light on the control problem of constrained robot motion from the aspect of the dynamical nature of the environment with which the robot is in contact. Therefore, the criticism of traditional hybrid control which allows position/force feedback loops to split into independent control with respect to position and force, is not the main point we want to make. Reference to the papers written by the founders of hybrid control and their numerous followers served only to better understand the reason and motivation for suggesting a different approach to control of robots interacting with environment.The paper has a predominantly review character, based on recently published work. It also contains some new, unpublished results in the framework of the unified approach to the position/force control of robots, proposed by the present author and his co-workers. By pointing to the possibility of introducing an environment dynamics in the contact tasks of the machining type, the author emphasizes that the proposed dynamically interactive control can be applied to a completely different class of tasks, in which a contact is made between the system (constructions or structure) and very specific kinds of dynamic environments. 相似文献
28.
Quantum Monte Carlo results for the T = 0 order-disorder transition of two-dimensional dimerized quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets are presented. For a two-layer model, with the dimers having one member on each plane, the finite-size scaling of the staggered structure factor and the staggered susceptibility is consistent with the 3D classical Heisenberg universality class, as required if the transition is described by the 2+1-dimensional non-linear sigma-model. However, for models with the dimers in a single plane, the behavior does not appear to be consistent with this universality class. 相似文献
29.
30.
In the early eighties, at the Boris Kidrich Institute Vincha, a method for measuring specific heat and electrical resistivity of electrical conductors in the millisecond resolution range was developed for measurements from room temperature to 1900 K. Over a period of nearly 10 years, the method was applied to different materials, including pure metals, ferrous, and nickel/ chromium alloys, and to the characterization of candidate materials for thermophysical property reference standards. This paper describes the method and reviews the results obtained in specific heat and electrical resistivity studies of ferromagnetic and other materials. The paper also demonstrates capabilities of the method for describing phase transitions or anomalies in pure metals (Fe, Co, Ni) or alloys (Nichrome, austenitic stainless steel).Paper presented at the Second Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, September 20–21, 1990, Torino, Italy. 相似文献