我国国有企业资产负债结构的成因与对策

通过分析了我国国有企业资产负债给构不合理的成因,提出了优化我国国有企业资产负债结构的对策.     

DMesh: Incorporating Practical Directional Antennas in Multichannel Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been proposed as an effective solution for ubiquitous last-mile broadband access. Three key factors that affect the usability of WMNs are high throughput, cost-effectiveness, and ease of deployability. In this paper, we propose DMesh, a WMN architecture that combines spatial separation from directional antennas with frequency separation from orthogonal channels to improve the throughput of WMNs. DMesh achieves this improvement without inhibiting cost-effectiveness and ease of deployability by utilizing practical directional antennas that are widely and cheaply available (e.g., patch and yagi) in contrast to costly and bulky smart beamforming directional antennas. Thus, the key challenge in DMesh is to exploit spatial separation from such practical directional antennas despite their lack of electronic steerability and interference nulling, as well as the presence of significant sidelobes and backlobes. In this paper, we study how such practical directional antennas can improve the throughput of a WMN. Central to our architecture is a distributed, directional channel assignment algorithm for mesh routers that effectively exploits the spatial and frequency separation opportunities in a DMesh network. Simulation results show that DMesh improves the throughput of WMNs by up to 231% and reduces packet delay drastically compared to a multiradio multichannel omni antenna network. A DMesh implementation in our 16-node 802.11b WMN testbed using commercially available practical directional antennas provides transmission control protocol throughput gains ranging from 31% to 57%     

Tensile modulus of carbon nanotube/polypropylene composites – A computational study based on experimental characterization

Micromechanical and computational models significantly over-predict the tensile modulus of composites, as they ignore many experimentally observed factors. Computational models that capture the effect of polymer-filler contact, the presence of carbon nanotube (CNT) agglomerates and the alignment of CNTs with respect to the applied load on the tensile modulus of CNT-reinforced polypropylene (PP) are proposed and discussed in detail in this study. The CNT/PP composites are made by melt mixing and injection molding. The CNT/PP contact area is characterized in terms of width and modulus using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The presence, including the size and distribution of CNT agglomerates, is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The tensile modulus of CNT/PP composites, measured as a function of CNT content according to ASTM D638, is compared to predictions made using numerical methods based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) within the composite’s elastic regime. The model over-predicts the modulus of the CNT/PP composites by 85% for 5 wt.% CNT/PP composites assuming perfect filler–polymer interfacial contact. When imperfect CNT/PP contact, CNT agglomerates and alignment are accounted for in the model the effective composite modulus predicted is in good agreement with the experimental data. The computational design tools proposed in this study by systematically incorporating experimentally observed characteristics, in combination with the manufacturing method used to make the CNT/PP composites, can lead to composites with engineered properties made by a scalable and cost effective method.     

P2X and P2Y Receptors—Role in the Pathophysiology of the Nervous System

Purinergic signalling plays a crucial role in proper functioning of the nervous system. Mechanisms depending on extracellular nucleotides and their P2 receptors also underlie a number of nervous system dysfunctions. This review aims to present the role of purinergic signalling, with particular focus devoted to role of P2 family receptors, in epilepsy, depression, neuropathic pain, nervous system neoplasms, such as glioma and neuroblastoma, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. The above-mentioned conditions are associated with changes in expression of extracellular ectonucleotidases, P2X and P2Y receptors in neurons and glial cells, as well as releasing considerable amounts of nucleotides from activated or damaged nervous tissue cells into the extracellular space, which contributes to disturbance in purinergic signalling. The numerous studies indicate a potential possibility of using synthetic agonists/antagonists of P2 receptors in treatment of selected nervous system diseases. This is of particular significance, since numerous available agents reveal a low effectiveness and often produce side effects.     

聚乙二醇改性对聚丙烯腈树脂及纺丝液性能的影响

通过在聚合前加入聚乙二醇-600(PEG-600)对丙烯腈-衣康酸二元共聚的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纺丝液进行了改性.采用乌氏粘度计、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪、毛细管流变仪研究了PEG-600用量对PAN树脂的分子量、亲水性以及纺丝液流变性能的影响.结果表明,随PEG-600用量的增加,PAN树脂的分子量逐渐降低,与未改性的PAN树脂相比,其亲水性先减小后增加;由于随PEG-600用量的增加,树脂的分子量降低以及PEG-600的增塑作用增强使纺丝液的非牛顿指数n逐渐增加,流变稳定性更好.     

水洗条件对PAN水洗丝条结构和力学性能的影响

研究了水洗条件对聚丙烯腈(PAN)水洗丝条结构和力学性能的影响.用万能材料测试机、XRD、SEM、压汞仪测试纤维的力学性能、晶态结构、表面形态和孔结构,得到结构对力学性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着水洗温度升高,丝束的最大应力和最大载荷降低;水洗温度从55℃增大到90℃,结晶度从64.84%降低到57.73%,晶粒大小从4.034nm变为5.007nm;水洗温度升高,丝表面出现更加明显的纵向沟槽,表面缺陷增多,丝的直径也变得不均匀,孔隙率和孔径变小,微孔逐渐增多;随着结晶度降低、晶粒尺寸变大、表面缺陷增多,丝的力学性能随之下降;相同温度,超声波使纤维的孔径和孔隙率变小,同时使表面缺陷增多,所以超声波对丝的力学性能影响不大.     

Novel Ceramic Composite Substrates for High-Density and High Reliability Packaging

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a large-area carbon-silicon carbide (C-SiC) based composite board material that has the advantages of organic boards in terms of large-area processability and machinability at potentially low-cost while retaining the high stiffness (> 200 GPa) and Si-matched coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) (~ 2.5 ppm/degC) of ceramics. Test vehicles were fabricated using C-SiC boards for assessing ultra-fine pitch solder joint reliability without underfill as well as the reliability of high-density wiring with microvias on the board. Finite element reliability models were developed to simulate the thermomechanical behavior of test vehicles. From the finite-element simulations as well as accelerated reliability tests, the high stiffness low-CTE C-SiC boards did not show any premature solder joint fatigue failure or dielectric cracking. Furthermore, the C-SiC boards show minimal via-pad misalignment and support the multilayer buildup structure required to achieve very high wiring density. The modeling and experimental results suggest that the low-cost large-area ceramic matrix composite (C-SiC) has superior thermomechanical properties, and is, therefore, a promising candidate substrate material for the emerging microelectronic systems.     

Occurrence of antinuclear antibodies in women with endometriosis and unexplained infertility

The relationship between female infertility, endometriosis and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the blood of women without clinical symptoms of autoimmune disease is described. ANA in the titre of 1:40 and more, was detected in 63% women with endometriosis, 70.4% women with idiopathic infertility, 3.3% women with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and 5.6% healthy nonpregnant women. The occurrance of ANA in endometriosis and idiopathic infertility was more frequently connected with negative postkoital test and the number of spontaneous abortions. We suggest, that (auto)immunological mechanisms play an important role in endometriosis and unexplained infertility.     

Solvent‐solubility‐parameter‐dependent homogeneity and sol–gel transitions of concentrated polyacrylonitrile solutions

In this study, we systematically explored the dependence of the homogeneity and sol–gel transition temperatures of various polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions on the solvent solubility parameters. The Cole–Cole slope was used to characterize the solution homogeneity, and we found that the PAN/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, which had a smaller Hansen solubility parameter distance between the solvent and PAN, showed better solution homogeneity than the PAN/dimethylformamide and PAN/dimethylacetamide solutions. Additionally, we found that both heating and cooling were able to cause the gelation of the PAN solution, although their mechanisms were totally different. The gelation caused by heating was ascribed to the nitrile–nitrile coupling of PAN chains, whereas the gelation caused by cooling was due to the solvent bridge effect. In this case, DMSO, which had the highest polarity and the strongest interactions with nitrile groups, caused the highest gelation temperature of the PAN solution during cooling. The gelation temperature of the PAN solution exhibits dependence on its solvent polarity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45405.     

Effect of coagulation conditions on solvent diffusions and the structures and tensile properties of solution spun polyacrylonitrile fibers

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were spun by solution spinning. In this work, two coagulation compositions, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water and methanol, were used, and coagulation temperatures were varied from ?20 to 0 to 20 °C. The coagulation compositions and temperatures strongly affected the solvent diffusion processes, the structures of as‐spun fibers, and the tensile properties of final drawn fibers. When DMSO/water was used as coagulation bath, non‐solvent (water) diffused into PAN fibers and led to a quick PAN solidification. By comparison, when methanol was used as coagulation bath, no or minimal amount of methanol diffused inward to the fibers. The different solvent diffusion behaviors in DMSO/water and methanol baths led to different structures of as‐spun PAN fibers. It was observed that the tensile properties of final drawn fibers strongly depended on the coagulation conditions. When methanol was used as coagulation bath and the bath temperature was ?20 °C, PAN fibers was found to possess the best tensile properties, a tensile strength of 0.89 GPa and young modulus of 20.4 GPa. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44390.