Among the five Kluyveromyces marxianus strains tested for β-galactosidase production, K. marxianus NCIM 3465 showed maximum enzyme activity of 1.62 IU mg−1 dry weight. Different levels (5–25%, w/v) of dried cauliflower waste were incorporated into whey to evaluate the effect of its supplementation on enzyme production. Although a marginal increase in enzyme production was seen by incorporating 5% and 10% cauliflower waste in whey, nearly 15% increase in β-galactosidase production was observed when cauliflower waste level was increased to 20% compared with whey alone. Supplementing whey with 20% cauliflower waste also decreased the production time. Lactose concentration in whey, mainly responsible for increasing the biological oxygen demand load of the effluent water, decreased from 4.2% to nearly 0% at 24 h. Thus, this study demonstrated that both these by-products/residues could be effectively used for β-galactosidase production at commercial scale. 相似文献
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology - Magnetorheological (MR) finishing is a smart finishing processes applied to a variety of applications. In the present work, an... 相似文献
The dry hot syngas cleaning process appears to be potentially more efficient and cleaner than the proven wet cleaning or semi-wet cleaning processes but it is still far from commercialisation. There are several technological barriers responsible such as poor availability factor, degeneration of sorbent and several stages of separation. This paper summarises the reported current status of dry hot cleaning of syngas from coal gasification processes along with the shortcomings of reporting of dry hot syngas cleaning performance results. The paper also proposes and discusses a rational method of performance reporting, a novel pulse less filtration concept and a system to prevent failure of filter elements. 相似文献
A functional hydrogen producing consortium was isolated from soil by heat pre-treatment technique and hydrogen production at different substrate concentration was evaluated. The forest soil was heat pre-treated at 65, 80, 95, 105 and 120 °C temperature for 1 h. As revealed by PCR-DGGE analysis and hydrogen yield, the hydrogen producing microbial community changed with increase in heat pre-treatment temperatures giving potential hydrogen producing consortium at 95–105 °C soil pre-treatment. The maximum hydrogen production rate, hydrogen yield and cumulative hydrogen with 15–20 g glucose were 1390–1576 mL/L/day, 1.83–1.93 mol H2/mol glucose, and 2966–3146 mL H2/L, respectively. The metabolic pathways shifted from ethanol-type to acetate–formate type as soil pre-treatment temperature increased from 65 to 120 °C. The soil heat pre-treatment approach is effective for isolating hydrogen producing natural Clostridium consortium from the soil as enumerations of the functional strains need specific temperature range to florish. 相似文献
In the present paper, therapeutic treatment of infected tumorous cells has been studied through mathematical modeling and simulation of heat transfer in tissues by using a nonlinear dual-phase lag bioheat transfer model with Dirichlet boundary condition. The components of volumetric heat source in this model such as blood perfusion and metabolism are assumed experimentally validated temperature-dependent function, which gives more accurate temperature distribution in tissues through this model. We have used the finite difference and RK (4, 5) techniques of numerical methods to solve the proposed problem and obtained the exact solution in a particular case. After comparison, we got a good agreement between them. We have used dimensionless quantities throughout this paper. The effect of relaxation and thermalization time with respect to dimensionless temperature distribution has been analyzed in the treatment process. 相似文献
The single crystals of quaternary transition metal chalcogenide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are grown by a closed system chemical vapor transport technique. The high purity individual elemental precursors are employed in the growth of the crystals. These crystals are found to be single-phase by X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. The near stoichiometry of the grown crystals is confirmed by spectroscopy analysis of the photoelectron generated by X-rays and analysis of the energy of the dispersive X-rays generated by electrons. The surface study by scanning electron microscopy showed the growth to happen by sheet spread mean and the electron diffraction showed fringe width match with (112) plane spacing. The study of the CZTS/Ag-paste/Cu-wire system for incident white light and three wavelengths of laser lights in two configuration modes of top-contact (II to the plane) and bottom-top-contact (⊥ to the plane) showed anisotropic behavior. The incident white light illumination intensity of 120 mW/cm2 showed utmost photoresponse. The top-contact mode configuration showed maximum responsivity and detectivity of 0.72 mA/W and 0.33 × 109 Jones, respectively, while bottom-top-contact showed 0.18 mA/W and 0.13 × 109 Jones, respectively. The anisotropic photoresponse by the CZTS crystals insinuates the potential for future applications.
Catalysis Letters - An environmentally benign process for synthesizing 4-methoxyphenol through methylation of hydroquinone using polystyrene immobilized Bronsted acidic ionic liquid is presented.... 相似文献
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is beneficial and has received attractive attention due to a greater potential to generate hydrogen and oxygen from water by using plentiful solar light to solve the problem of energy crisis. Various active semiconductor materials are used in PEC water splitting applications. Nevertheless, in past decades, most of the researchers suggested that titanium oxide (TiO2) is the best photoanode for this type of applications. Now, Zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered a perfect substitution to TiO2 due to its comparable energy band structure and superior photogenerated electron transfer rate. In this study, bare and phosphorous-doped ZnO nanorods were successfully developed on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass (FTO) substrate by chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern authenticated hexagonal structure formation with strong diffraction peak of (101), which showed that ZnO nanorods were perfectly developed along c axis. The optical and morphological properties were analyzed by UV–Vis and scanning electron microscopy images. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectra demonstrated that doping agent phosphorous was present in ZnO nanorods. The PEC properties of the developed ZnO nanorods were further investigated and obtained results suggested that a small amount of phosphorous-doped ZnO nanorods enhances their PEC performance. 相似文献