磷石膏的工业应用及研究进展

综述了废物磷石膏的产生及现状，以及磷石膏在工业上的应用情况，并对磷石膏的处理以及研究进行展望。磷石膏的资源化利用并不令人满意，目前全世界磷石膏的有效利用率仅为4．5％左右，因此，寻找一种行之有效、并且能变废为宝的方法来处理磷石膏是非常好的。     

Spirit-based distillers’ grains and red mud synergistically catalyse the steam gasification of anthracite to produce hydrogen-rich synthesis gas

In a fixed-bed reactor, spirit-based distillers’ grains (SDGs) and red mud (RM) are used as disposable catalysts for anthracite steam gasification. The material ratio and reaction temperature influences on gasification reaction characteristics were examined. With the use of single- and two-stage fixed-bed reactors, the synergistic catalytic effect and mechanism of three co-gasification reactions were investigated. The results reveal that SDGs and RM produce a synergistic catalytic effect, which improves the gasification activity and hydrogen production efficiency. An increased temperature weakens the synergistic catalytic effect. At a Coal:SDG:RM ratio of 2:3:1, the synergistic catalytic effect is the strongest. Synergistic catalysis mainly occurs because iron, potassium and calcium produce a uniformly dispersed co-melted substance on the coal char surface, which exerts a catalytic effect on the gasification reaction. The catalytic mechanism is as follows: under the action of high temperature and steam, the cyclic transformation of iron, potassium and calcium between the oxidation and reduction states promotes the water-gas shift reaction.     

离子色谱法测定碳酸盐及磷酸盐中四种无机阴离子

建立离子色谱等度分离测定碳酸盐及磷酸盐中F－、Cl－、SO42－、NO3－ 4 种无机阴离子的方法,碳酸盐试样用20 mmol/L氢氧化钠溶液溶解,加磷酸中和至pH 4.5～5.5;磷酸盐试样直接用20 mmol/L氢氧化钠溶液溶解。色谱柱采用AS11-HC分离柱,流动相20 mmol/L氢氧化钠溶液,流速1.0 mL/min。结果表明：F－、Cl－、SO42－、NO3－4 种阴离子质量浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r = 0.999 2～0.999 9）,检出限分别为2.0、2.0、2.5、2.5 mg/kg,在低、中、高3 个加标水平下的平均回收率为80%～109.88%,相对标准偏差为0.85%～4.67%（n=6）。该方法准确、简便、灵敏、通用、重复性好,可用于碳酸盐及磷酸盐中4 种阴离子的实际检测。     

鄱阳湖河湖两相下湖流和水质变化特征研究

鄱阳湖是一个过水性通江湖泊,具有独特的河湖两相性,河湖相之间湖流和水质差异较大.本文基于2010～2016年湖流与水质同步监测资料,应用数理统计方法研究鄱阳湖河相、湖相不同情况下湖流和水质变化特征.研究结果表明:鄱阳湖北部湖区流速大于南部湖区大于东部湖区,主槽流速大于洲滩流速;湖相平均流速低于河相,河相下流速随着水位的升高而增大,湖相下流速随着水位的升高而减小;河相下各水质要素空间分布差异性较湖相小;湖区内TN、TP一般以团状或斑状形式出现、转移,且TN、TP超标水域重叠度较小,水华风险较高区域位于赣江南支及抚河入湖口区、松门山南部环流区、青岚湖、撮箕湖内湖区.     

Corrosion behavior of TiC particle-reinforced 304 stainless steel

TiC particle-reinforced 304 stainless steels were prepared using a new developed in situ technology and their corrosion behavior was compared with that of 304SS in 5 wt.% HCl solution. As compared to 304SS, E_corr, E_pit and E_rp values had shifted to a more negative region in 304SS containing TiC, indicating faster corrosion rate by TiC addition. The addition of TiC particles to 304SS resulted in no rapid pit propagation but maintained a high corrosion rate in the whole immersion time investigated.     

江苏省固定CO2排放源空间分布及排放量特征分析

江苏省巨大的经济产值伴随着大量的CO2排放,如何处置这部分CO2是碳减排的关键之一。CO2捕集与封存是减少碳排放最直接的手段,因而需要了解该地区固定排放源的分布及其排放量。对作为江苏省主要大规模CO2固定排放源的火电厂、钢铁厂、水泥厂、合成氨厂4类企业进行了调查与评价,结果表明,目前该地区正在运行与新建的火电厂、钢铁厂、水泥厂、合成氨厂共227个,其中火电厂169个、钢铁厂22个、水泥厂25个、合成氨厂11个;31个火电厂为排放量小于10万t/a的小型电厂,其余196个企业均为大型固定排放源;4类固定源CO2排放量总共约为598×104万t/a,其中火电厂占6004%,钢铁厂占2742%,水泥厂与合成氨厂分别占990%与264%;火电厂在江苏南部的苏州、无锡、常州、南京、镇江地区以及长江沿岸分布较密集;水泥熟料生产主要集中在南京、镇江、无锡、常州、徐州,它们的水泥产能之和占全省的8594%;目前所统计的169个火电厂中,燃气发电装机容量达2 8042万kW,占火电装机容量的2655%,每年减少煤炭使用336×103万t,减少CO2排放542×103万t。     

Effect of Mo addition on the microstructure and wear resistance of in situ TiC/Al composite

In this work, Mo was investigated as an additive for in situ preparation of TiC/Al composite using a casting route assisted by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Experimental results show Mo improves the wettability between TiC phase and aluminium melt due to the formation of a Mo-rich shell around the formed TiC particles, which is a kind of good modificator. Compared with the composite without added Mo, 1.0 wt.% Mo addition developed finer matrix structure, significant refinement of TiC particles and more uniform distribution of TiC particles in the matrix. Meanwhile, both wear and tensile properties of TiC/Al composite were improved with 1.0 wt.% Mo addition and then deteriorated with the further increase of Mo content due to the formation of fragile phase Al₅Mo.     

Extraction of rare earth ions from phosphate leach solution using emulsion liquid membrane in concentrated nitric acid medium

It is very significant to recover rare earths (REs) from wet-process phosphoric acid, in terms of extraction rate and selectivity, the current carrier di(2-ethlhexly) phosphate (D2EHPA) out there is still inferior. Based on this question, our team modified D2EHPA to synthesize new extractants. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the extraction of rare earth ions (RE³⁺) from phosphate leach solution using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) in concentrated nitric acid medium. The ELM system is made up of (RO)₂P(O)OPh-COOH as carrier, polyisocrotyl succinimide (T154) as surfactant, sulfonated kerosene as diluent, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as stripping solution. Different chemical parameters such as type and concentration of carrier, surfactant, stripping solution, volume ratio of oil phase to internal phase, and volume ratio of emulsion ratio to external phase were analyzed. The extraction of RE³⁺ was evaluated by the yield of extraction. In addition, the demulsification process was also investigated. The proposed method of ELM using (RO)₂P(O)OPh-COOH as carrier can be expected to provide an efficient, simplify operation, and facilitated method for extracting RE³⁺.     

《软件工程》的课程思政教学改革探究

教师在知识传授的同时,如何做好价值的引领,是各门课程必须和迫切需解决的问题。本文针对当前在软件工程教学中融入课程思政存在的不足进行剖析,并对这些问题提出一些可行性的解决方案,以达到提高软件工程的教学质量,也为同行进行课程教学改革提供参考、启示和借鉴作用。     

基于激振声学的物体内部缺陷检测装置

提出一种物体内部缺陷检测方法,是对所需检测的物体发出声波激振,同时接收反馈振动,并进行频谱分析,对比频谱判断被测物体内部是否有缺陷或损坏。建立了简单模型,通过仿真和实物试验验证了该装置的有效性。该检测装置应用范围广泛,在电力、机械、建筑、制造业等行业均有巨大的潜力。