鸟体动力学本构模型参数反演的并行优化技术

研究鸟体本构模型的动力学过程,是飞行器抗鸟撞,保证飞行安全的重要问题。由于鸟体模型参数难确定,为得到准确而合理的鸟体参数,在已知鸟体本构模型的前提下,采用并行优化技术对本构参数进行反演。将鸟撞平板的试验结果与数值仿真结果的相对误差平方和最小作为目标函数,将待反演的鸟体参数作为设计变量,在同一撞击速度范围内,将鸟撞不同靶板分为不同工况构造并行优化反演模型。把反演得到的鸟体参数代回到鸟撞平板仿真模型中检验,经与试验结果对比,效果较好,表明采用的并行优化技术是有效的、可靠的。并行优化反演技术的实现为更准确的获取鸟体参数提供了新的思路和方法,也为提高飞行器抗鸟撞设计研究提供有益参考。     

半干污泥流量计量方法与装置的研究及应用

污泥经干化后进行焚烧已成为市政污泥处理的一种趋势,精确稳定控制进焚烧炉的半干污泥投加量是维持焚烧炉燃烧工况稳定的关键.因半干污泥具有颗粒度不均、黏性高、有弹性、有堆积空隙等固有特性,目前没有直接测量入炉半干污泥投加量的计量仪表,需要通过泵频率或计量装置间接控制入炉污泥量.针对半干污泥计量,研究了在半干污泥输送系统中加入计量槽装置,通过利用料斗内物料减少速率来计算半干污泥流量的计量方法,并给出了计量装置工作的控制过程.该方法在上海市某污泥干化焚烧工程中实际应用的结果表明,与常规的控制污泥输送螺旋频率来测量污泥流量的方法相比,该方法可以实现半干污泥量的精确自动控制,保持焚烧炉燃烧温度和工况相对稳定,取得了良好的效果.     

助剂Co对乙炔氢氯化超低汞催化体系性能的影响

以椰壳活性炭为载体,HgCl2为主催化组分,CoCl2为助催化组分,采用浸渍法制备了乙炔氢氯化超低汞催化剂.用SEM和XRD对催化剂进行了表征,在固定床转化器中测试了该催化剂乙炔转化率的性能,在管式恒温炉中考察了该催化剂的热稳定性.结果 表明:①CoCl2的加入能提高3％ HgCl2/C的催化转化率和热稳定性,最佳配比为3％ HgCl2-9％ CoCl2/C;②在乙炔空间流速为20 h-1,温度为150℃,进料摩尔比为n(C2H2)∶n(HCl) =1∶1.1,反应时间为48 h的条件下,乙炔催化转化率可达98.4％,氯化汞损失率达到1.8％.     

PVP-assisted Sn-Ti microspheres for the efficient B–V oxidation of cyclohexanone

Journal of Porous Materials - New Sn-Ti microspheres were first successfully synthesized by a PVP-assisted sol-gel method in this paper, and their performance in the B–V oxidation of...     

基于乡村振兴战略下的人居环境改善策略研究——以西岭村乡村规划竞赛为例

乡村人居环境改善是我国现阶段乡村振兴的重头戏,因为乡村的居住环境已不能满足人们日益增长的生活需求,乡村改造也随之成为目前人居环境改善的主要途径.从乡村振兴战略入手,通过对山西阳泉西岭村乡村规划竞赛的剖析,从中总结乡村改造中人居环境改善策略.通过修缮村容村貌、合理重构空间、丰富空间层次、完善公共卫生系统等方式对目前乡村环境进行优化改善,在乡村规划改造中更高效地提升人居环境质量.     

基于EMD-WPT-SVD和指数加权平均的MOA阻性电流去干扰方法

金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)阻性电流测量受环境干扰、高频噪声干扰和脉冲干扰等因素的影响,阻性电流实测信号必然含有多种强干扰成分.针对传统阻性电流去干扰方法在多种并发干扰情形下难以适用的难题,提出了一种基于EMD-WPT-SVD和指数加权平均的MOA阻性电流去干扰方法.首先,依据阻性电流中周期干扰的基波频率、采样频率和特征频率是否被间谐波浸没的特点,选取最佳分解层数和最优小波基;其次,对MOA阻性电流进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD),将含有特征频率的模态分量再使用小波包变换(wavelet packet transform,WPT),使每个子信号最多含有一个特征频率;再采用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)准确提取所有子信号中的周期分量;最后,从原信号中准确消除阻性电流受到的周期干扰,然后通过指数加权平均算法得到能真实反映MOA工况的阻性电流变化趋势.将模拟信号和工程实测数据与多种经典方法进行比较,结果证明:所提方法能消除阻性电流的多种干扰,得到能真实反映MOA实时工况的阻性电流,其结果满足实际工程测量的要求.     

SiO2改性聚丙烯纤维棉对油水乳状液的高效分离

近年来,基于特殊润湿性理论制备表面具有微纳米粗糙结构的多孔材料成为油水分离领域研究的重点。为了满足不同环境下对不同形式油-水乳状液高效高通量分离的需求,该研究利用纳米SiO2颗粒对聚丙烯（PP）纤维棉有针对性地亲（疏）水改性,构建了系列不同润湿性和粗糙度的PP纤维棉,探究了不同孔隙度和表面能的PP纤维棉对W/O及O/W型乳状液的分离性能,结果表明,经过亲（疏）水改性后的PP纤维棉对水/正己烷和水/甲苯乳状液的分离效率都高于99.5%,通量高于700 L/(m2·h),并针对不同形式油-水乳状液阐释其相应的分离机制,为后续油-水乳状液分离材料的科学设计和可控制备提供了理论依据。     

Highly Uniform and Stable Transparent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Film Based on Silver Nanowire–PEDOT:PSS Composite for High Power Microwave Shielding

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials, especially ones with excellent shielding effectiveness (SE), high optical transmittance, long-term stability as well as high uniformity, are urgently desired to meet the requirements of many applications. Herein, an extremely transparent, stable and uniform silver nanowire (Ag NW)–poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film as an EMI shielding material is prepared, which possess excellent shielding capability to both small signal and high power microwaves (HPM). The composite film exhibits SE of 30.5 dB in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz (small signal) and simultaneously has an optical transmittance of 91.0%. The SE continuously increases to 41.4 dB, while the optical transmittance still maintains at 81.1%. The composite film is very uniform, and its SE is almost unchanged even when exposed in air for a year. The SE of this composite film under the excitation of HPM is also thoroughly investigated. The HPM SE is much larger than that of small signal. As the power density of HPM is increased, the SE firstly remains unchanged, then continuously increases, and finally saturates. The SE exceeds 50 dB with the excitation power density of 40 W. More interestingly, the SE is saturated at a fixed HPM power density.     

Importance of Low-Temperature Melt-Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends

The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt-mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high-efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt-mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt-processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.