江汉油区低压油井机械捞砂技术研究与实践

江汉油区开发到中后期,地层能量下降,低压敏感储层油井活性水冲砂储层污染严重,严重影响油井正常生产。自动开启式捞砂泵采用小外径结构,捞砂起下容易,能够满足深井、斜度大油井捞砂需要;捞砂泵活塞直径、密封长度、密封方式,能够满足深井捞砂抽吸能力和抽吸密封性;上下单流密封总成,能够满足深斜井、大斜度捞砂灵活开启和密封。     

基于分簇的传感网虚拟MIMO协议

提出一种应用于无线传感网的新型分簇式虚拟MIMO协议。协议基于簇头轮换,避免大量重新分簇带来的拓扑维护开销,从而提高网络能量效率。在簇间路由中,提出一种新型的“跨跳”操作,以平衡网络中不同节点与簇的能耗和生命周期。仿真实验结果表明,该协议较现有的的虚拟MIMO在能耗总量和均衡上均具有更好的效果。     

自动简易擦窗器的设计

现实生活中,已经有多款用于擦洗玻璃的装置面市,但因这些产品或制造成本比较高昂,或使用范围有限,甚至效果不好,使其局限性比较大,难以得到推广。针对这些问题,本设计采用51单片机来控制自动擦窗器的电机及喷水装备以达到擦洗玻璃的目的,其效果明显,装置简单,成本较低,利用价值大,有着广阔的市场前景。     

油基钻井液组分对体系沉降性能的影响

研究了油基钻井液组分对其沉降稳定性能的影响。结果表明,基液类型、油水体积比、内相盐种类、加重材料粒径大小和种类会对油基钻井液的沉降稳定性能产生影响。静态沉降条件下基液黏度越大,体系油水体积比越小,体系沉降稳定性能越好。以NH4Ca(NO3)3为内相的油基钻井液体系沉降稳定性能优于甲酸盐、氯化钙和氯化钠内相钻井液体系。加重材料颗粒的粒径越小,沉降稳定性能越好,动态剪切和静态沉降条件下Mn3O4为加重材料的油基钻井液沉降稳定性能都优于其他加重材料体系。     

PIBSI对油基钻井液性能影响研究

常温条件下分别采用5号和3号两种白油配制基浆和油基钻井液体系,并在基浆和钻井液体系中加入不同质量分数的聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺(PIBSI),考察不同温度下PIBSI的质量分数对基浆和钻井液体系流变、沉降和滤失性能的影响。结果表明,对于基浆而言,低温条件下(4℃)PIBSI能够提高基浆的沉降稳定性能,基浆的黏度随PIBSI质量分数的增加先降低后增加。对于油基钻井液体系而言,在适当质量分数下(5号白油体系PIBSI质量分数为2%,3号白油体系PIBSI质量分数为0.2%),PIBSI能够有效降低体系低温条件下(4℃)的黏度,而对室温(25℃)和高温(65℃)条件下体系的黏度、动切力等参数影响程度较小。PIBSI质量分数越高,两种油基钻井液体系的高温高压降滤失量越低。     

某抽水蓄能电站一起交流串直流故障分析

某抽水蓄能电站发生一起交流串直流故障,通过分析交流串直流的特点,结合现场控制回路原理图,对故障点进行查找,并排除了故障;根据故障时的信号及现象,通过对交流串直流原理进行分析,做出交流串入直流正极和负极的等效原理图。根据等效原理图,分析交流串直流后绝缘监察装置交替报“正母接地”或“负母接地”的原因;通过对交流串直流后的交流电流通路进行分析,得出跳闸中间继电器动作功率是保护装置无故障跳闸的原因。     

Reaction behaviors and specific exposed crystal planes manipulation mechanism of TiC nanoparticles

Titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles with well-designed exposed crystal planes perform intriguing prospects for functional and engineering applications. In this study, a simple and controllable in situ synthesis strategy was proposed for the synthesis of TiC nanoparticles with specific morphology. Reaction behaviors suggested that most of TiC nanoparticles were formed by an instantaneous reaction between Al₃Ti and Al₄C₃ in the Al-rich melt and the resultant morphology was controlled by the discrepant growing rates of (100) and (111) crystal planes. In addition, a growth morphology control model was presented for the prediction and manipulation of the morphology of TiC nanoparticles by the doping of different alloying elements Me (Me = Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Si). According to the morphological observations and density functional theory analyses including the interface energy, charge density differences, and orbital hybridization: Cu, Mg, and Zn atoms could stabilize the Al/TiC(111) interface, whereas Mn and Si atoms promoted the rapid growing and disappearance of the TiC(111) planes in the Al melt. This work provides a feasible way to intelligently design and manipulate TiC nanoparticles with desirable exposed crystal planes, and exhibits a promising prospect for personalized applications.     

Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

Copper-nickel superalloys as inert alloy anodes for aluminum electrolysis

The superalloys Cu-Ni-Al, Cu-Ni-Fe, and Cu-Ni-Cr were studied as anodes for aluminum electrolysis. The alloys were tested for corrosion in acidic electrolyte molten salt and for oxidation in both air and oxygen. The results showed that the Cu-Ni-Al anodes possess excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and the oxidation rates of Cu-Ni-Fe and Cu-Ni-Al anodes were slower than those of pure copper or nickel. During electrolysis, the cell voltage of the Cu-Ni-Al anode was affected most by the concentration of alumina in cryolite molten salt. The Cu-Ni-Fe anode exhibited corrosion resistance in electrolyte molten salt. Comparatively, the Cu-Ni-Cr anode showed poor resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The testing found that further study is warranted on the use of Cu-Ni-Al and Cu-Ni-Fe as inert alloy anodes. For more information, contact Zhongning Shi, Northeastern University, School of Materials and Metallurgy, WenhuiRoad No. 3, Shenynag, Liaoning 110004 China; e-mail znshi@163.com     

MOCVD外延Al2O3基AlGaN/GaN超晶格的结构和光学特性

通过X射线衍射分析、透射电镜观察、红外透射光谱分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱分析和光致发光试验,研究了用金属有机物化学汽相沉积（MOCVD）的方法,在带有GaN缓冲层的蓝宝石（Al2O3）衬底上生长的AlGaN/GaN超晶格材料的微观结构、光吸收性质和发光特性.X射线衍射结果表明,GaN基材料均为纤锌矿六方结构,薄膜具有良好的结晶质量,薄膜生长沿c轴择优取向.透射电镜观察表明,超晶格试样的周期结构分布均匀,实际周期为13.3nm，且观察到高密度的位错存在于外延膜中。通过光学试验数据，确定了试样的光学吸收边都是在370nm附近，理论计算显示试样为直接跃迁型半导体，禁带宽度约为3．4eV。试样的折射率随光子能量的增加而增加、随波长的增加而减小，计算表明消光系数的极小值位于370nm处。光致发光测试分析表明，超晶格有很好的发光性能，并发现存在黄带发光。