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51.
In this article, the polycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride and p-phenylenediamine was systematically studied, including the liquid–crystalline state of the solution and the spinning of poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPTA). High-molecular-weight PPTA with εinh = 5–7 was prepared and the main factors influencing the solution polycondensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine with terephthaloyl chloride were studied in detail. Experimental results showed that the water content of the reaction system, reactant concentration, and volume ratio of mix solvents have a great influence on the inherent viscosity of the poly(1,4-phenyleneterephthalamide) obtained. The highest εinh was obtained at 0.3M/liter reactant concentration in a mixed solvent ratio HMPA/DMAC of 4/1 (by volume), at 0.35M/liter reactant concentration in a mixed solvent of HMPA/NMP = 7/3, and at 0.5M/liter of reactant concentration in a mixed solvent of HMPA/THF = 9/1. The water content must be controlled to less than 100 ppm in the polymerization system. In the early stage of the polycondensation process, the εinh of the polymer obtained increased rapidly with time. The system gelled within 2 or 3 min, while the monomer conversion reached about 100%. However, the reaction of polycondensation continued after gelation and the εinh of the polymer increased appreciably. We have studied the viscosity behavior at 20–155°C for the anisotropic solution of PPTA in 100% sulfuric acid (εinh of PPTA 2.5–4.9). Experimental results showed that, at low concentrations the viscosity of isotropic solution increases with the increase of polymer concentration to reach a maxium near the critical polymer concentration, beyond which the solution changes to an anisotropic liquid–crystalline solution. The appropriate spinning region was obtained as shown in the phase diagram determined by viscosity, degree of depolarization anisotropy, and region of thermal depolymerization. Fibers of PPTA with high modulus and high tenacity were obtained by dry-jet wet spinning. The fibers obtained have a tenacity of ~22 g/denier, a modulus of ~600 g/denier, and elongation at break ~3.5%. 相似文献
52.
53.
One of the important ways to improve photocatalytic efficiency is to prepare catalyst with enhanced surface area. In this
work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles having enhanced surface area were synthesized under the interference of SiO2. The mixed oxide, SiO2-TiO2 (10% mol% Si), was prepared by a sol-gel procedure using titanium tetra-n-butoxide as Ti-precursor. The commercial SiO2 nanoparticles were added into the TiO2 sols after hydrolysis. After condensation and calcination heat treatment, the SiO2-TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained. To achieve the purpose of obtaining the high-surface-area TiO2, the SiO2 was removed subsequently by aqueous NaOH solution. The TiO2 products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron spectroscopy for
chemical analysis (ESCA), and by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. A fine mesoporous structure was formed for as-prepared TiO2 after calcination at 400∘C and the average pore diameter was about 7 nm. The porous TiO2 products possess mixing phases of anatase and rutile. Phase transformation from anatase to rutile occurred when the samples
were calcined. The phase transition temperature is sensitive to the silicon content. The particle size of ∼43 nm remained
constant upon calcinations from 500 to 700∘C. The specific surface area was increased up to 66% compared to regular TiO2 samples that were prepared by the similar sol-gel procedure. The porous TiO2 nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance to decompose methylene blue under UV irradiation. 相似文献
54.
我国明矾石的物化性质及其在水泥中的水化硬化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文系统地介绍了我国明矾石的地质成因、化学成份和矿物组成及其在水泥中的水化硬化,提出了明矾石在碱-硫酸盐激发下形成钙矾石的水化机理,综述了我国利用明矾石作为特种水泥、外加剂的原料及作为普通水泥的混合材所取得的应用成果。 相似文献
55.
用电势法测定了298.15K以及I为0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0 mol/kg时,NaBr在混合电解质溶液NaBr+NaAc+H_2O中的活度系数.实验结果用Harned、SRJ和Pitzer方程拟合,得到各种方程的相互作用参数,由拟合的标准偏差得知,Pitzer方程的拟合精度略好于前2个方程.用Pitzer混合参数θ_(Br-Ac)和ψ_(Br-Na-Ac)计算了NaAc在该混合体系中的活度系数和体系的过量Gibbs自由能. 相似文献
56.
Ilsun You Junho Choi Chang Choi Pankoo Kim 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2014,18(12):2577-2586
In the field of “U-Healthcare Service”, many studies have been actively conducted to develop “smart device”-based healthcare applications that enable healthcare providers and patients to be better served through interoperations among various kinds of sensors and wireless network interfaces. In particular, contemporary intelligent healthcare services not only recognize users’ context information through smart devices, computers, and so forth, but also acquire information from heterogeneous sensors to achieve context-aware inference services. Among such information, the weather information is tightly related to diseases such as asthma and allergies. Therefore, there is a high demand for research to utilize the weather information for healthcare services. In this paper, we propose a context inference-based intelligent healthcare service that exploits both the weather conditions information and the diverse healthcare ontologies available on the Internet. The proposed service aims at modeling a context ontology in users’ healthcare service environment and defining the inference rules, thereby accomplishing a satisfactory real-time healthcare service. 相似文献
57.
针对D-S 证据理论在融合高度冲突的证据时可能导致与直观结果相悖的问题, 已有的基于修改数据模型的方法更多地考虑如何提高冲突证据结果的聚焦程度, 而没有考虑冲突成因以及如何通过冲突原因判断来削减证据之间的冲突. 对此, 提出一种闭世界框架下的灰色模糊多属性决策方法. 根据一般的灰色关联分析方法的基本思路, 将灰色关联度与欧氏距离有机结合, 构造出一种平均相似度对方案进行评价, 进而得到方案的排序结果. 最后, 通过实例分析验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性. 相似文献
58.
To explore ultralow dielectric constant polyimide, the crosslinked polyimide foams (PIFs) were prepared from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), and 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine (TAP) via a poly(ester–amine salt) (PEAS) process. FTIR measurements indicated that TAP did not yield a negative effect on imidization of PEAS precursors. SEM measurement revealed the homogeneous cell structure. Through using TAP as a crosslinking monomer, the mechanical properties of PIFs could be improved in comparison with uncrosslinked BTDA/ODA based PIF. The crosslinked PIFs still exhibited excellent thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 520°C. In the field with frequency higher than 100 Hz, the dielectric constants of the obtained PIFs ranged from 1.77 to 2.4, and the dielectric losses were smaller than 3 × 10?2 at 25–150°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1734–1740, 2006 相似文献
59.
Three dimensional models of shaft were completed on CATIA Part Design module with the Chinese national standard (GB) process structures such as chamfers, threads and tool withdrawal grooves, center holes, flat/woodruff/gib head taper keyseats, grinding undercuts, straight-sidedsplines, circlip slots and collars. The modeling steps are arranged in dialog menu interface by VB 6.0, the shaft creator, that permits users input geometric feature based parameters explicitly, and the standardized processdata are reorganized in Excel files that can be invoked correspondingly in the modeling procedure. It is aimed that this process may supply a simple way for shaft rapid modeling and comprehensive discipline for engineering students in their professional design activities. 相似文献
60.