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91.
92.
Relva C. Buchanan Eusiuk Park Rajesh Surana Harshani Tennakone Kirthi Tennakone 《Journal of Electroceramics》2011,26(1-4):116-121
High electromechanical strains have been developed in this study in Barium Titanate ceramics, suitably doped with Nd and Zr to form a controlled concentration gradient, leading to a dome-like structure on sintering. Compacted pellets constituted of layers of barium titanate powder of varying minor amounts of Nd and Zr powders, incorporated as nitrates precursors, acquire this dome shape on sintering at 1300?C1320oC and cooling to the ambient temperature, the result of the residual thermoelastic strain. The dome structures exhibit high electromechanical responses, and the piezoelectric coefficients (deduced from electric field induced strains measurements in dome-up and dome-down positions) are also found to be exceptionally high. These Nd and Zr doped barium titanate structures could find applications as an environmentally benign material for fabrication of high displacement functionally graded electromechanical actuators in a single sintering step process. 相似文献
93.
Asish K. R. Somidi Rajesh V. Sharma Ajay K. Dalai 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2015,92(9):1365-1378
The epoxy ring opening and vicinal diacylation of fatty acids in vegetable oils was found to be promising reaction to synthesize stable biolubricants and bioplasticizers. The current research investigation is emphasized on the synthesis of a value added product vicinally diacylated canola oil by sulfated‐ZrO2. The two‐step research approach employed includes: (i) epoxidation, and (ii) epoxy ring opening and vicinal diacylation of epoxidized triglycerides in the canola oil. Sulfated‐ZrO2 was prepared and characterized to measure the physico‐chemical properties required for the effective catalysis. The Taguchi (L16 orthogonal array) statistical design method was employed to optimize the process conditions for the maximum formation of diacylated canola oil. Sulfated‐ZrO2 demonstrated promising activity for the epoxy ring opening and vicinal diacylation of canola oil, and 99 % conversion was achieved at the optimum process conditions of temperature 130 °C, epoxy to acetic anhydride molar ratio (1:1.25), 16 wt% of catalyst loading and reaction time of 1 h which were inferred from the Taguchi analyses. The products were characterized and confirmed with FT‐IR, 1H NMR and sodium spray mass spectroscopy. Spectroscopic analysis also confirmed the absence of intermediate products. The statistical analyses was undertaken to determine the order, rank and interactions among the process variables. The reaction followed Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson type mechanism and the kinetic data was fitted in overall second order equation. Calculated apparent activation energy was 23.1 kcal/mol. 相似文献
94.
A facile synthesis of a novel three‐phase nanocomposite: Single‐wall carbon nanotube/silver nanohybrid fibers embedded in sulfonated polyaniline 下载免费PDF全文
Rajesh K. Agrawalla Subhasish Paul Pratap K. Sahoo Amit K. Chakraborty Apurba K. Mitra 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(12)
A three‐phase water‐soluble nanocomposite of single wall carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticle hybrid fibers embedded in sulfonated polyaniline has been synthesized by a simple chemical solution mixing process. The nanocomposite has been characterized by high resolution electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Optical and electrical characteristics of the nanocomposite have been determined by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and four‐probe electrical conductivity measurement. A surface plasmon absorption band obtained around 460 nm indicates the presence of silver nanoparticles in the composite. The optical band gap calculation for sulfonated polyaniline vis‐a‐vis the nanocomposite supported the conductivity measurement. Over 1300 times increase in DC electrical conductivity has been observed for the three‐phase nanocomposite, with a filler loading of 20 wt %, at 306 K. This observation could be explained by Mott's variable range hopping model considering a three‐dimensional conduction. Such a nanocomposite has immense potential for use as a cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41692. 相似文献
95.
V. S. Vendamani Syed Hamad V. Saikiran A. P. Pathak S. Venugopal Rao V. V. Ravi Kanth Kumar S. V. S. Nageswara Rao 《Journal of Materials Science》2015,50(4):1666-1672
We report a detailed study on the synthesis of ultra-small (1–10 nm) colloidal silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) by ablating porous silicon (pSi) in acetone using femtosecond laser pulses. Porous silicon is considered as a target material for ablation because it contains a large number of light emitting silicon nanoparticles. The pSi samples were prepared by anodic etching of silicon in aqueous HF solution for different etching current densities. Transmission electron microscope measurements confirmed the successful formation of well-isolated spherical silicon nanoparticles. The average size of spherical NPs were estimated to be ~7.6, ~7, and ~6 nm when anodic etching current densities of 5, 10, and 20 mA/cm2 were used respectively for preparing pSi targets. The crystallinity of these Si NPs was confirmed by selective area electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The observed blue shift in the absorption and emission spectra are attributed to reduction in the average particle size with increase in etching current density. These Si NPs may be useful for fabricating low-dimensional microelectronic compatible photonic devices. 相似文献
96.
Mohammad Azad Colby Arteaga Beshoy Abdelmalek Rajesh Davé 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2015,41(10):1617-1631
Bioavailability of a poorly soluble drug can be improved by preparing a drug nanosuspension and subsequently drying it into nanocomposite microparticles (NCMPs). Unfortunately, drug nanoparticles aggregate during milling and drying, causing incomplete recovery and slow dissolution. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of various classes of dispersants on drug dissolution from drug NCMPs, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs via high drug nanoparticle loaded, surfactant-free NCMPs. Precursor suspensions of griseofulvin (GF, model drug) nanoparticles in the presence of various dispersants were prepared via wet stirred media milling and spray dried to form the NCMPs. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, polymer) alone and with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, surfactant) was used as a base-line stabilizer/dispersant during milling. Two swellable crosslinked polymers, croscarmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG), and a conventional soluble matrix former, Mannitol, were used in addition to HPC. Besides being used as-received, CCS was also wet co-milled with GF for two different durations to examine the impact of CCS particle size. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectroscopy, NCMP redispersion and dissolution tests were used for characterization. The results show that incorporation of CCS/SSG, preferably wet-milled to a wide particle size distribution, into the spray-dried NCMPs resulted in fast release and dispersion of drug nanoparticle clusters. The swellable dispersants were superior to Mannitol in dissolution enhancement, and could achieve fast release comparable to SDS, demonstrating the feasibility of spray drying to prepare high drug-loaded, surfactant-free nanocomposites. 相似文献
97.
Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati Neha Sharma Rakesh Kumar Jena Preena Shrimal Parth Bagtharia Rajesh Kumar Kaushal 《分离科学与技术》2016,51(13):2276-2283
The electrochemical treatment (ECT) of textile wastewater was carried out in a 1.5 dm3 electrolyte batch reactor using iron electrodes. With the four plate configurations, a current density (CD) of 89.2 A/m2 and a pH value of 8.5 were found to be optimal, at which maximum reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour achieved were 86% and 79%, respectively. Loss of 0.0666 kg/m3 iron electrode and 18.44 kWh/m3 power consumption was observed during ECT with a maximum COD reduction of 79%. The settling characteristics of electrochemically treated effluents as well as the characteristics of foam and residue were also analysed. 相似文献
98.
The applicability of palladium for the separation of hydrogen isotopes (hydrogen and deuterium) is evaluated systematically by generating isotherm data and conducting column experiments in a laboratory set-up. Effect of various parameters such as concentration of the isotopic mixture, particle size, eluent flow rate, etc. is studied experimentally. A fixed-bed chromatographic model is developed and validated using the experimental data. The model is further used to predict the performance of a multi-column configuration for large-scale separation. Chromatographic separation is thus found to be a promising technique to achieve the required purity and hence it may be clubbed with the existing systems (e.g. cryogenic distillation) to obtain enhanced performance. 相似文献
99.
Study on rheology and thermal stability of mixed (nonionic–anionic) surfactant based fracturing fluids 下载免费PDF全文
Atrayee Baruah Akhilendra K. Pathak Keka Ojha 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2016,62(6):2177-2187
Mixed surfactant systems have gained significant importance in the development of fracturing fluid due to polymorphism of self‐assembly structures that have combined properties of the surfactants in the mixture. In this article, a comparative study on the phase behavior and viscoelastic properties of mixed surfactant based fluids, prepared from Tween 80+NaOA/2‐ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water and Tween 20+NaOA/2‐ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water quaternary system is investigated in details. The viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluids prepared from the former system offered superior rheological properties than the latter system. The addition of 0.1% NaOH and 500 ppm ZnO nano‐particles in the VES fluids presented enhanced viscoelastic properties as concluded by static and dynamic rheological tests. Miscibility test indicated the miscibility of the VES fluids with water, unlike in the presence of diesel oil and satisfactory proppant suspension capabilities were exhibited by the developed fluids. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2177–2187, 2016 相似文献
100.
B. Rajesh Babu M. S. R. Prasad K. V. Ramesh Y. Purushotham 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials》2016,26(3):589-597
The effect of Al substitution on electrical and dielectric parameters of Ni–Zn ferrite has been discussed in the present work. The phase identification, surface morphology was studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The XRD patterns confirm the single-phase formation of these ferrites. With Al3+, substitution lattice parameter decreases due to smaller Al3+ ions replacing Fe3+ ions. The average grain size obtained from SEM results are in the range of 390–27 nm. The DC resistivity was observed to increase with increasing Al3+ ions concentration due to the unavailability of Fe3+ ions. Dielectric constant (\(\upvarepsilon ^{\prime }\)) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) have been studied as a function of frequency (1 kHz–10 MHz) and temperature (50–300 °C). The observed results are explained on the basis of interfacial polarization as predicted by Maxwell and Wagner. 相似文献