Kinetic parameter determination of vegetable oil oxidation under Rancimat test conditions

In this research, five different vegetable oils were oxidized at four different temperatures (373, 383, 393, and 403 K) under Rancimat test conditions. An increasing rate of oxidation could be observed as temperature increased. The natural logarithms of the kinetic rate constant (k value) varied linearly with respect to temperature, with the temperature coefficients (T_Coeff) ranging from 6.95×10^–2 to 7.40× 10^–2 K^–1 for the vegetable oils. On the basis of the Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory, frequency factors (A), activation energies (E_a), Q₁₀ numbers, activation enthalpies (ΔH⁺⁺), and activation entropies (ΔS⁺⁺) for oxidative stability of the vegetable oils were calculated. The A, E_a, Q₁₀, ΔH⁺⁺, and ΔS⁺⁺ values for the vegetable oils ranged from 6.38×10³ to 28.03×10³ h^–1, from 86.86 to 92.42 kJ/mol, from 2.08 to 2.18, from 83.64 to 89.20 kJ/mol, and from –116.66 to –104.35 J/mol K, respectively.     

Novel polyfuran/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with improved conductivity: Chemical synthesis,characterization, and antioxidant activity

Novel composites containing very small quantities of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH; 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075 g), and furan were synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The polymerization was carried out in nitromethane at room temperature using anhydrous iron (III) chloride (FeCl₃) as an oxidant. The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. All synthesized composites were crystalline and showed good solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide and N‐methyl 2‐pyrrolidone. The conductivity of composites was measured with a four‐probe method, and it was found that the electrical conductivity increased by increasing the amount of MWCNTs‐COOH. The maximum electrical conductivity value (6.68 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) was obtained for polyfuran/MWCNTs‐COOH (1:0.075, v/w). The resulting composites were analyzed for their antioxidant activity using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the composites increased by increasing the amount of MWCNTs‐COOH in nanocomposite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Polyacrylamide–punicic acid conjugate‐based micelles for flutamide delivery in PC3 cells of prostate cancer: synthesis,characterisation and cytotoxicity studies

The aim of the present study was to synthesize a novel biopolymeric micelle based on punicic acid (PA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) for carrying chemotherapeutic drugs used in prostate cancer treatment. A polymer composite micelle was prepared by chemical conjugation between PAM and PA. The micelles were prepared by self‐assembly via film casting followed by ultrasonication method. The successful production of PAMPA copolymeric micelles was confirmed using FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and TEM. Then, flutamide was loaded in the designed nanomicelles and they were characterized. The cell cytotoxicity of the micelles was studied on PC3 cells of prostate cancer. The prepared nanomicelles showed the particle size of 88 nm, PDI of 0.246, zeta potential of −9 mV, drug loading efficiency of 94.5%, drug release of 85.6% until 10 hours in pH 7.4 and CMC of 74.13 μg/ml. The cell viability in blank nanocarriers was about 70% in PC3 cells at concentration of 25 μM. More significant cytotoxic effects were seen for flutamide loaded micelles at this concentration compared to the free drug. The results suggest that the PAMPA co‐polymeric nanomicelles can be utilized as an effective carrier to enhance the cytotoxic effects of flutamide in prostate cancer.Inspec keywords: nanoparticles, cellular biophysics, drugs, biomedical materials, drug delivery systems, colloids, hydrophilicity, pH, transmission electron microscopy, particle size, cancer, casting, toxicology, electrokinetic effects, polymer blends, proton magnetic resonance, nanomedicine, self‐assembly, nanofabrication, Fourier transform infrared spectraOther keywords: PC3 cells, chemotherapeutic drugs, prostate cancer treatment, polymer composite micelle, chemical conjugation, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, cell cytotoxicity, prepared nanomicelles, drug loading efficiency, drug release, critical micelle concentration, cell viability, cytotoxic effects, flutamideloaded micelles, flutamide delivery, polyacrylamide‐punicic acid conjugate‐based micelles, PAMPA copolymeric nanomicelles, biopolymeric micelle, PAM‐punicic acid copolymer copolymeric micelles, hydrophilic shell, self‐assembly, film casting, ultrasonication method, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy, particle size, polydisperity index, zeta potential, pH, blank nanocarriers, time 10.0 hour     

The influence of solvent type and polymer concentration on the physical properties of solid state polymerized PA66 nanofiber yarn

We investigated the effects of two different solvent types and three solution concentrations on the electrospinning of solid state polymerized polyamide 66 (SSP PA66) nanofiber yarns. Nanofiber yarns were electrospun from SSP PA66 solutions in formic acid and formic acid/chloroform (3/1), using two oppositely metallic spinnerets system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the morphology and properties of the nanofibrous yarns. Experimental results show that adding chloroform to formic acid as a binary solvent increases viscosity of polymer solution and the nanofibers diameter significantly. XRD patterns reveal that the presence of chloroform affects the crystallinity and the mechanical properties of the produced nanofibrous yarns. PA66 nanofiber yarn from 10 wt % formic acid/chloroform (3/1) solution was successfully electrospun with strength and modulus of 120.16 MPa and 1216.27 MPa respectively. It is also shown that the solution concentration has a significant effect on the modulus of the nanofibers yarns. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

An erbium–organic framework as an adsorbent for the fast and selective adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions

The applicability of erbium–metal–organic framework (Er-MOF) in the adsorption and removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution has been studied. Er-MOF was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. The high thermal stability, water stability and accessible nano-sized aperture for the Er-MOF could endow it with a very high potential in adsorption of dye pollutant. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic investigations confirm that the adsorption behavior is based on Langmuir isotherm with an exothermic mechanism and enthalpy-driven process. The speed adsorption process (30 min), low cost, high efficiency, big surface area, selectivity and very high and rapid reusability are the main advantages of the proposed compound as a sorbent.     

A Novel Network Coding Algorithm to Improve TCP in Wireless Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper proposed a novel algorithm called Efficiency Network Coding (ENC) for wireless mesh networks. The ENC algorithm is based on COPE protocol and consists...     

Oxidation of Methylene via Sn-adsorbed Boron Nitride Nanocage (B30N30): DFT Investigation

Silicon - In this study, by using of density functional theory calculations, the oxidation of methylene on surface of Tin-doped boron nitride nanocage via Langmuir Hinshelwood and Eley Rideal...     

Utilization of LSSVM algorithm for estimating synthetic natural gas density

In the gas engineering the accurate calculation for pipeline and gas reservoirs requires great accuracy in estimation of gas properties. The gas density is one of major properties which are dependent to pressure, temperature and composition of gas. In this work, the Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was utilized as novel predictive tool to predict natural gas density as function of temperature, pressure and molecular weight of gas. A total number of 1240 experimental densities were gathered from the literature for training and validation of LSSVM algorithm. The statistical indexes, Root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R²) and average absolute relative deviation (AARD) were determined for total dataset as 0.033466, 1 and 0.0025686 respectively. The graphical comparisons and calculated indexes showed that LSSVM can be considered as a powerful and accurate tool for prediction of gas density.